106 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XIV 



A noteworthy feature of the Shan Lnnnaeae is their small size. We 

 saw no shell more than 12 mm. long. 



Limnaea andersoniana, Nevill. 

 Plate X, figs. 1, 2. 



1877. Limnaea andersoniana, Nevill, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, (2) XLVI, p. 26. 

 1881. Limnaea andersoniana, id., ibid., L (2), p. 142, pi. v, fig. 9. 



" Shell small, horny brown, imperforate, globose, spire short ; whorls four to five, 

 last whorl large, ovate ; columella remarkably thick and reflected, straight, without 

 any twist ; aperture subovate, anteriorly rather wide. 



This small species, well characterized by its remarkable columella, is unlike any 

 Indian species ; the figure that it most resembles in ' Kuster's Monog.' is var. of L. 

 peregra, pi. 3, figs. 17, 18 ; there is no shell like it figured in the ' Conch. Iconica ' ; 

 probably L. andersoniana will prove to be a common species throughout S. China." 

 (Nevill). 



The species was originally described from Yunnan. It was also 

 recorded by its author from the Shan States, but there is no reference 

 to it in Preston's volume in the official Fauna of British India (1915). 

 The shell, as Nevill notes, resembles that of L. pervia, von Martens, 

 a common Chinese and Japanese species, but differs in its very coarse 

 columellar callus ; his statement that the columella is absolutely 

 straight is not substantiated by either his figure or his type-specimen. 

 The animal has a peculiar leaden grey colour, which extends almost 

 uniformly over all the exposed parts except the sole of the foot, this 

 being pale. The jaw and radula are of normal type. The lateral 

 teeth are bicuspid and one of the cusps is very long and slender. 



Both in the Chinese collection obtained by the late Dr. J. Anderson 

 and examined by Nevill an.d in our own, shells of two forms are present. 

 I have no information about the habitat of the Chinese molluscs except 

 that they were taken at an altitude of about 4,000 feet. In the Inle 

 basin, however, the two forms of shell represent two distinct phases 

 of the species, each associated with a definite type of habitat. In one 

 phase (pi. X, fig. 1) the shell is relatively broad and, though by no 

 means large, is considerably larger than in the other, attaining a length 

 of 12 mm. Nevill selected a shell of this phase as the type of the species 

 and figured it in 1881. Shells of the other, narrower phase (pi. x, fig. 2) 

 do not exceed 9 mm. in length. They are duller and greener in colour 

 and perhaps a little thicker. The larger, broader form of shell is found 

 in ponds and marshes amidst dense aquatic vegetation ; we took a 

 single dead shell floating on the surface of the water at the edge of the 

 Inle Lake. The smaller form was observed in considerable abundance 

 in a small slow-moving stream with a muddy bottom and devoid of 

 vegetation at Port Stedman {ca. 3,000 feet). We also collected a few 

 shells in small streams at Thamakan (Hsamonghkam) about 1000 feet 

 higher. 



[Limnaea bowelli, Preston.] 



Plate X, fig. 4, 



1909. Limnaea hoicelli, Preston, Bee. Ind. Mus. Ill, p. 115, figs. 1, 2. 

 This species is known only from very high altitudes (13,000 to 14,000 

 feet) in Tibet, where it lives in small streams. 



