IgI0.] N. ANNANDALE: Phylactolematous Polyzoa. 45 
of this process, while others from Russia, received from the Geneva 
Museum, exhibit the actual transition. Dr. Kraepelin has kindly 
given me some fine German examples named by him P. polymorpha 
var. fungosa and including both young and old zoaria, and I have 
examined others from England and Italy. 
Although P. repens is here included in the Indian fauna, I 
am doubtful as to its having been actually found anywhere in the 
Oriental Region. The form recorded by Carter from the island 
of Bombay as P. repens was, as he himself recognized, the one 
described by van Beneden under that name and subsequently 
called P. stricta by Allman, who did not regard it as identical with 
Linné’s Tubipora repens. The variety fungosa has not been re- 
corded from India except by myself, and further experience both 
of Indian and European specimens proves that what I found 
was actually an extreme form of the coralloides phase of P. 
fruticosa. 
Plumatella fruticosa, Allman. 
Plumatella stricta, Allman, op. cit., p. 99, fig. 14. 
Plumatella fruticosa, zd., vbid., p. 102, pl. vi, figs. 3—5. 
Plumatella repens and P. stricta, Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), 
vol. iii, p. 332 (1859). 
Plumatella princeps var. fruticosa, Kraepelin, op. cit., p. 120, pl. vil, . 
fig. 148. 
Plumatella fruticosa, Braem, op. cit., p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 15. 
Plumatella repens, Annandale, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Benga!, 1907, p. 83. 
This species agrees with P. vepens in never having the zocecia 
emarginate or with a furrowed keel and in having the ectocyst 
neither deeply pigmented (naturally!) nor very stiff. The great 
majority, if not all of the statoblasts in every zoarium are, however, 
invariably elongate, the length being twice or nearly twice the greatest 
breadth. ‘The swim-ring, however, is as a rule not much broader 
at the ends than at the sides. Just as in P. repens an occasional 
statoblast may be found that is elongate, so in P. fruticosa an 
occasional statoblast may be found that is short and broad ; but 
in both species such cases are rare and must be regarded as 
abnormal ; they therefore do not affect the question of the specific 
distinctness of the two forms. The zocecia of P. fruticosa, although 
frequently stout, are invariably long, so that the branches are 
far apart from one another; there is often a simple keel, but with 
no trace of a furrow, on the dorsal surface of the proximal part of 
the zocecium. Young colonies are recumbent but with the tip of 
each zocecitm upturned, so that the aperture is terminal. In 
favourable conditions, however, horizontal or dependent branches, 
often of considerable length, are freely produced. The ectocyst is 
not sufficiently stiff to give much suppert to long upright branches, 
and the branches invariably collapse or droop if the zoarium is re 
moved from the water. The alimentary canal is rather less stout 
1 If attached to dead wood they are apt to become stained. 
