50. Records of the Indian Museum. [Von. V,. 
Although these three varieties cannot be regarded as local’ 
races, seeing that they occur in Europe or North America as well 
as in India, they are not usually found together. I have only seen 
var. A in Bhim Tal, a W. Himalayan lake several miles in length,. 
and var. B in a tank in Calcutta, in a small lake at Kawkareik 
in Lower Burma and in a pond at Kurseong (alt. c. 5,000 ft.); 
but var. C is common all over N. India. Major J. Stephenson, 
I.M.S., has sent me specimens from Lahore, while I owe to 
Mr. R. Kirkpatrick and Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., specimens 
taken on different occasions, in a small pond at Gangtok in 
native Sikhim (EK. Himalayas). I have myself found the variety 
growing in great abundance in the environs of Calcutta and at 
Rajshahi on the R. Ganges about 150 miles north of Calcutta. On 
one occasion I discovered a small colony in the Zoological Gardens. 
at Alipore, growing on a brick side by side with P. emarginata. 
Plwnatella javanica, Kraepelin. 
Plumatella javanica, Kvraepelin, Mitth. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 
XXili, p. 143, figs. I—3 (1906). 
Plumatella emarginata vay. javanica, Loppens, op. cit., p. 163. 
This is a much more constant species than the last, related to. 
P. emarginata but distinguished by characters that vary little. 
These characters are the following :— 
(1) The zocecia are entirely and invariably recumbent, so. 
that the aperture is always on the dorsal surface. 
They are very long and narrow and produce daughter 
zocecia sparingly, so that linear series without 
lateral branches are sometimes formed. The 
emargination and furrow are strongly developed. 
(2) There is never any trace of pigment in the ectocyst,. 
which is markedly transparent and delicate; the 
external surface is smooth. 
(3) The capsule of the statoblast, which is elongate, is large 
as compared with the swim-ring. 
Dr. Kraepelin has very kindly sent me one of the types of this 
species, and I have found other specimens among Prof. Max Weber’s 
collection of sponges from Java. P. javanica is common in Calcutta, 
and I obtained specimens in a canal near Srayikad in Travancore 
In a freshwater sponge collected by Prof. Max Weber in Natal there 
are the remains of a zoarium that may belong to this species. 
b. Philibpinensis group. 
The type of this group is Kraepelin’s Plumatella philippinensis 
from the Philippines, and the only other species definitely known 
to belong to it except P. bombayensts is Rousselet’s P. tanganyike 
from Central Africa. The group would therefore appear to be 
essentially a tropical one. 
