1910. | N. ANNANDALE: Phylactolematous Polyzoa. 55 
Ali three species occur in Africa, but L. cartert was dis- 
covered in Bombay and is represented in Japan by what appears 
‘to be a local race. 
Lophopodella cartert (Hyatt). 
Lophopus sp., Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. iti, p. 335; 
pl. viii, figs. 8—15 (1859). 
? Lophopus sp., Mitchell, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sct. (3), vol. it, 
p. 61 (1862). 
Pectinatella carteri, Hyatt, Comm. Essex Inst., vol. iv, p. 203 (1865). 
Lophopodella carteri, Rousselet, Journ. Quek. Mucr. Club, 1904, 
p. 47, pl. iii, figs. 6, 7. 
Lophopus lendenfeldi, "Annandale (nec Ridley), Journ. Asiat. Soc. 
Bengal, 1907, p. 92, pl. i1, figs. I—4. 
Lophopus lendenfeldi var. himalayanus, id., Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. 1, 
p-143, figs. 1,2. 
Lophopus carteri, zd., ibid., vol. ii, p. 171, fig. 3. 
The characteristic features of the zoarium of this species are 
obscure unless it be examined either in a healthy living condition or 
preserved with the polypides fully expanded. The general form ot 
each zoarium as viewed from above is circular or oval, with more or 
less distinct lobate projections, which become more conspicuous 
when the animals are strongly contracted. The centre of the struc- 
ture, owing to the arrangement of the polypides, appears to be 
practically empty when the polypides are expanded, so that the 
whole has a ring-like appearance. Viewed from the side it resembles 
alow mound. The gelatinous parts are colourless, but the stomach 
has a greenish tinge. The tentacles are long and slender but much 
shorter than those of Australella lendenfeldi ; they usually number 
about ninety. The shape and proportions of the statoblast vary 
-considerably, but the extremities are never concave. The number 
-of chitinous processes is not constant, and their degree of develop- 
ment varies even in specimens from the same locality. 
The form described by me as Lophopus himalayanus is dis- 
tinguished by the small number of its tentacles and the absence or 
abortive condition of the processes on the statoblast. This form, 
however, must be regarded merely as an abnormality in which the 
polypides are stunted and the statoblasts retain immature characters. 
I have recently received typical specimens of L. carter: from Bhim 
“Tal, in which the abnormal form was originally discovered. 
Pectinatella davenporti, Oka, of which Dr. Oka has been kind 
enough to send me specimens, is certainly, as Loppens indicated,’ 
a form of L. carteri, the range of which, therefore, extends from E. 
Africa to Japan. In India, however, the occurrence of the species 
is sporadic. It was originally found in Bombay and is common in 
Igatpuri Lake ; possibly it occurs at Madras. It is usually found 
‘either on the lower surface of stones or among gelatinous green algze 
‘on the stems of plants. 
1 “ Les Bryozoaires d’eau douce,”’ ’ Ann. Biol. Lacustre, vol, iii, p. 166 ( Decr. 
$1908). 
