win this TN Ean PARNA CEES oO JhEE 
SUBGENUS SMILIUM, WITH REMARKS 
ONITHE CEASSTIFICA TION OF 
THE GENUS SCALPELLUM. 
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., F.A.S.B., Superintendent, Indian 
Museum. 
A full account of the Indian representatives of the family 
Pollicipedidze must be defeired until opportunities of investigating 
the littoral fauna of the coasts of India have occurred, for at 
present our knowledge of this fauna is meagre as compared with 
that of the fauna of the deeper parts of the Bay of Bengal and the 
Arabian Sea. In the meanwhile the species of the genus Sca/pel- 
lum may be discussed with some degree of confidence, because, 
with one exception, they are only found, in Indian seas, at depths 
greater than 100 fathoms, and because it is now some years since 
any species not previously represented in the collection of the 
Indian Museum was obtained by the “‘ Investigator.’’ The present 
paper, so far as individual species are concerned, deals only with 
the forms that in my opinion should be placed in the subgenus 
Smilium, but the facts that must be taken into consideration in 
discussing the subdivision of the genus as a whole are treated in 
some detail. 
DWARF MALES IN SCALPELLUM. 
Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the genus Scalpel- 
lum is that its species possess dwarfed and otherwise degenerate 
males, which live as parasites or rather semi-parasites on the capi- 
tulum of the much larger female or hermaphrodite. Probably these 
males occur in the case of all species of the genus, but they are not 
always to be found and may, perhaps, only be produced at certain 
seasons or in certain generations. It is curious that they are in- 
variably absent in the closely allied genus, Pollicipes. I do not 
propose to deal with the minute structure of the dwarf males in 
either of the genera (Scalpellum and Ibla) in which they occur, for 
my friend Captain F. H. Stewart is doing so in the case of several 
species in a much more detailed manner than I could have hoped 
to do ; but I may point out certain characters in the males that are 
of systematic importance. 
As will be seen (p. 150), two subgenera of Scalpellum are re- 
cognized in this paper, their recognition depending to a consider- 
able extent on the structure of the male. In the more primitive 
subgenus (Smilium) the larger individuals appear to be invariably 
