1912. ] J. T. Jenxins: Indian Marine Fauna. 61 
Squilla were typical representatives of the Echinoderms and 
Crustacea respectively. The typical fish of this area are the 
Sparoids, the ‘‘ red flat ’’ of the ‘“‘ Golden Crown ’’ (Pagrus spintfer) 
and particularly large specimens of Drepane punctata being 
obtained. Shoals of Scomber microlepidotus were occasionally met 
with. The Carangidae, too, were unusually abundant in this area. 
Of other forms the red mullet (Upeneoides guttatus) and species 
of Triacanthus were noticeable. The latter was caught in large 
quantities off the entrance to Lake Chilka, and it is interesting to 
note that it is also caught right up on the landward side of the 
lake by the Ooriya fishermen near Balugaon. 
It is interesting to compare Alcock’s notes! on the shallow- 
water forms obtained by the ‘‘ Investigator ’’ in this region and 
Area IV with the ‘‘ Golden Crown’s ’’ collections. 
Maticeianc Four months regular trawling off the Orissa Coast, 
or rather off the eastern coast of the peninsula between False 
Point on the north and Gopalpur on the south—a region nearly 
corresponding with the debouchment of the Mahanaddi delta. 
‘* The physical features here are those of all Indian deltas where 
the land is making precarious advances on a shoaling muddy sea. 
Low-lying wastes of drifting sand alternate with still lower-lying 
estuarine swamps; the coast line presents the unbroken level of a 
recently formed alluvium, the bed of the sea is an almost imper- 
ceptible slope of fine sand and mud, and the more or less turbid 
waters are‘consequently so shallow that the twenty-fathom line is 
distant from five to thirteen miles from shore, while the hundred- 
fathom line ranges from fifteen to twenty-two miles, as was deter- 
mined by the ‘‘ Investigator’’ in her recent survey. Towards the 
south, the sea deepens and the bottom becomes sandy. 
‘“ The waters of this region swarm with crustaceans and fishes. 
Penaeidae, Paguridae, and numerous families of the Brachyura 
exist in the greatest abundance, while the surface waters are 
crowded with the lower crustacea and with crustacean larvae. 
The commonest fishes are Sciaena, Kurtus, Polynemus, Equula, 
Arius, Pellona; Carcharias, Scyllium, Trygon; and, among the 
Pleuronectids, Pseudorhombus and Cynoglossus.”’ 
If one compared the ‘‘ Golden Crown” hauls (which were 
confined to a more limited area) with this, the two leading Pleuro- 
nectids would undoubtedly be Cynoglossus in the deeper and 
Plagusia in the shallower water. The three leading genera of 
Elasmobranchs would be Trygon, Pteroplatea and Mvliobatis, and 
the half dozen most abundant Teleosts Avius, Sciaena, Caranx, 
Scomber, Pagrus and Drepane. 
AREA IV. THE NorRTHERN SIRCARS COAST. 
This area extends from the entrance of Lake Chilka to Santa- 
pilli (in the Madras Presidency). Trawling was carried on in 
1 *‘ Tist of Pleuronectidae obtained in the Bay of Bengal in 1888 and 1889,’’ 
Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. lviii, pt. ii, No. 3, 1889, p. 280. 
