1912.| N. ANNANDALE and S. Kemp: Kumaon Lakes. 137 
6. A ‘species’ of Ceratiwm occurs in abundance in the lakes 
and exhibits great variation. One form of this “‘ species”’ 
predominates in each lake at a given date (at any rate 
in May) but the predominant form is not always the 
same in different lakes at the same date. 
PART II.—SYSTEMATIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES 
ON THE SPONGES AND POLYZOA. 
By N. ANNANDALE. 
PORTRERA.. 
I. SPONGILLA (EUSPONGILLA) LACUSTRIS subsp. RETICULATA, 
Aunand. 
This sponge was only taken in the lowest of the lakes, Malwa 
Tal (alt. 3,600 feet), in which it was abundant and bore numerous 
well-developed statoblasts in May. ‘The race is widely distributed 
in the plains of India, in which it flourishes chiefly in wet weather. 
2. SPONGILLA (KHUSPONGILLA) CINEREA, Carter. 
Specimens were taken in Naukuchia Tal (alt. 4,000 feet) in 
May. ‘They formed a layer never more than about 10 mm. thick 
on twigs and are (ina dry condition) of a pale yellow colour. The 
oscula were small and to some extent radiate, and the skeleton- 
spicules a little more coarsely spined than in the type, in which 
the oscula are much larger and non-radiate. The dark greyish 
colour of Carter’s specimens was probably due to their having 
grown in muddy water. Specimens from the R. Godaveri at 
Nasik and the R. Bhima at Khed in the Poona district were of a 
bright green colour but resembled those from Kumaon in the 
structure of the skeleton-spicules and oscula. Except for the 
specimens from Naukuchia Tal the species is only known from the 
Bombay Presidency, the specimens recorded by Prof. Max Weber ! 
from the Malay Archipelago as S. cinerea actually representing not 
this species but S. proltferens, mihi. 
3. SPONGILLA (EUNAPIUS) CARTERI, Carter. 
Sponges were taken in Bhim Tal (alt. 4,450 feet) and Sat Tal 
(alt. 4,500 feet) in May and gemmules were found floating on the 
former lake in October. This is perhaps the commonest of the 
Spongillidae in India. The specimens from Kumaon bore well- 
developed gemmules in May, a month in which these bodies are 
also fully formed in the plains. At lower altitudes, however, the 
sponge has usually disintegrated by this date, whereas in Kumaon 
it was evidently still in declining vegetative vigour. 
1 Zool. Ergeb. Niederl. Ost-Ind., vol. i, pp. 35, 46 (1890). 
