IgI2. ; N. ANNANDALE: The Indian Mud-Turtles. 173 
dark brown. In other characters this 
race resembles zntermedia. 
D. scutata. The granulations of the plastral callosities 
resemble that of the forma typica, but 
the pale markings on the head and 
carapace are completely absent. In 
the young the carapace bears obscure 
dark spots, which tend to form a reti- 
culation in the adult. The entoplastral 
callosity is very large. The marginal 
bones never fuse together ; all are small 
and there are usually 18 present. The 
median hyoplastral process is very 
short and the xyphoplastral callosities 
are often in contact for their whole 
length. 
E. cevlonensis. This race is closely allied to vittata, from 
which it is distinguished by the great 
relative size of the entoplastral callo- 
sity, by the facts that the xypho- 
plastral callosities are in contact for 
their whole length and that the margi- 
nal bones show a greater tendency 
towards fusion (only 12 being usually 
present), and by the extreme shortness 
in the adult of the median xypho- 
plastral process. The carapace of the 
young is obscurely spotted with a dark 
shade and there are black longitudinal 
lines on the head. ‘The adult as a rule 
appears to be devoid of definite 
markings. 
The only differences between these races lie in coloration, in 
the sculpturing of the plastral callosities, in the degree of ossi- 
fication attained by the plastron, and in the number of posterior 
marginal bones that normally fuse together in the adult. Except 
coloration and plastral sculpturing none of these differences can 
be called constant, and even in coloration and sculpturing a 
certain amount of variation occurs. It may therefore be well to 
discuss each character separately. 
To deal with coloration first: I should state that while I 
have seen a considerable number of living individuals of the 
typical form of the species and of the races intermedia and vittata, 
I have only been able to make a detailed examination of fresh 
material in the case of the two former and have not seen living 
individuals of either the Burmese or the Ceylon race. Specimens 
preserved in spirit, however, even for many years, as a rule show 
at least traces of the characteristic markings, except that the 
dorsal reticulation of the race intermedia disappears completcly. 
