174 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vis 
Moreover, Dr. J. R. Henderson has been kind enough to send me 
notes on the natural colours of the Madras race (vittata) at different 
stages. These notes confirm observations made on specimens 
preserved in spirit. 
The spots on the dorsal disk of the Indo-Gangetic race are 
variable in size, number and arrangement but are perfectly distinct 
even in the largest individuals. Sometimes the larger spots have 
dark centres and resemble irregular ocelli. The markings on the head 
are much more regular. A large pale spot covers the greater part 
of the snout and of the interorbital region, being interrupted in the 
latter by a circular or nearly circular dark spot. There are two 
smaller pale spots beneath each eye and another above the angle 
of the mouth. A broad pale stripe runs obliquely backwards from 
below the eye towards the tympanic region and two longitudinally 
oval spots, sometimes united to form a V-shaped mark, form an 
angle above it, the anterior spot starting from the posterior upper 
border of the orbit. Sometimes the oblique stripe is broken up 
into two or more spots. There are also two or three smaller pale 
spots on each side of the back of the head. So far as can be 
judged from specimens preserved in spirit, those from Calcutta 
agree closely with those from Akyab on the one hand and Karachi 
on the other. 
The pale spots on the back of the young of the race zntermedia 
are very obscure and could not be recognized except in fresh 
specimens. The dark reticulation on the back of the adult is 
much more distinct but fades gradually in spirit The dark lines 
on the head are, however, much more persistent. They are also 
conspicuous on small specimens of the Ceylon race (ceyloneists) 
that have been in spirit for many years. 
The races of Emyda granosa fall into two groups as regards 
the sculpturing on the plastral callosities ; in one group (consisting 
of the typical form, intermedia and scutata) the granules are much 
more regular, more uniform in size and more widely distributed on 
the surface of the bone than they are in the other, in which they 
tend to run together and to be arranged in concentric curved lines. 
The second group consists of vittata and ceylonensis. This differ- 
ence is best observed in young individuals. The size of the ento- 
plastral callosity is correlated to some extent with the degree of 
ossification attained by the other bones of the plastron. When 
the callosity is very large the xyphoplastra are always in close 
contact for the whole of their length on the inner margin. These 
characters, however, vary greatly in all races and it is only by 
examining fully adult individuals that satisfactory results can be 
obtained. 
The following measurements, all of which are taken from 
the skeletons of adult females, show at any rate the large size 
of the entoplastral callosity in the adult of the Ceylon race. 
There is, however, considerable variation in the size of this callo- 
sity in specimens from India, although it is never nearly so large as 
it is in the race ceylonensis. 
