2A STUDY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
indications of their natural arrangement, all of which 
Linneeus, in his zeal for simplification, passed over ; 
and thus fell infinitely below our countryman in his 
classification of the Aranie no less than in his 
general arrangement of the testaceous animals. 
The greatest work of Lister, however, only appeared 
in 1685. It contains his general system, or synopsis, 
of conchology, and is enriched with no less than 
1059 plates or figures of shells; among which 
several represent, with great accuracy, the internal 
structure of the animals themselves: most of these 
figures are so accurate, and all are so characteristic, 
that even to this day they are indispensable to the 
conchologist, and this remarkable volume forms one 
of the most valuable and standard works in this de- 
partment of zoology.* 
(13.) About this time natural history began to 
be pursued in England with greater zeal, and in 
a more philosophic spirit, than in any other part of 
Europe. No writer had appeared in France, since 
the days of Belon; nor had Italy contributed any 
thing to natural science, since the desultory yet 
curious observations of Boccone, the famous Sicilian 
botanist. On the other hand, Britain, which had 
been far behind in contributing to the early restor- 
ation of learning, seemed now to have suddenly 
sprung into life, and produced a constellation of 

* Martin Lister. —(1.) Historie Animalium, Anglie Tres 
Tractibus: unus de Araneis ; alter de Cochleis tum terrestribus 
tum fluviatilibus; tertius de Cochleis Marinis. Londoni, 
1678; small quarto. (2.) Historia sive Synopsis Methodica 
Conchyliorum. Folio. Londoni, 1685—1693. There isalsoa 
translation, by Lister, of Goedart’s insects, published in 1685. 
