4 STUDY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 
PALLAS. —— SCHROETER. —— BORN. — MERREM. — HERMANN. —= 
BLOCH. —— SCHNEIDER. — SCHC@PF. — LATHAM. — SHAW. — 
SIR J. SMITH. ——- BERKENHOUT. — LEWIN. — OTHO FABRICIUS. 
— OLIVI. — ENTOMOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIVE WORKS OF THIS 
PERIOD. — ERNST. — ESPER. — HUBNER,. — HERBST. — JABLON- 
SKY. —— VOET. —- WOLF. — MINOR WRITERS. — PANZER. — 
PETAGNI. — ROSSI. ——- PAYKULL. — LESPEYRES. —— GMELIN. — 
RUFFON’S SCHOOL. — PLANCHES ENLUMINEES. — BONNET. — 
DE GEER. -——~BRISSON. — ADANSON. — DUHAMEL. — SONNERAT. 
— SONNINI. —- LEVAILLANT. —— FUESSLY. — THE MODERN 
FRENCH SCHOOL. — CUVIER.—DISCOVERY OF THE CIRCULAR 
NATURE OF AFFINITIES. 
(1.) To form a just estimate of the relative position 
of any science at a given period, it is necessary that 
the prominent events in its history be rightly under- 
stood. It seems, therefore, expedient to commence 
this discourse with a slight sketch of the rise and 
progress of zoological science; or, more properly, 
of the progressive discovery of the forms, structures, 
and habits belonging to the animal world; a world 
replete with such an infinity of beings, each pos- 
sessing so many peculiarities of habit and economy, 
that, notwithstanding the united efforts of human 
research for thousands of years, there is not one of 
them whose history, as yet, can be pronounced 
complete. 
(2.) The vast and diversified field of enquiry over 
which zoology extends, and the many distinct por- 
tions into which it is now distributed, render it 
extremely difficult to embrace the whole in one 
general exposition. For it has happened, that at 
one period of time while our knowledge has made 
gigantic progress in one department, it has been 
stationary, or even retrograde, in others; and at 
