STUUCTUKE OF THE GIZZARD. S7 



veloped, as consisting of three lobes, luiving a more 

 or less rounded form. The eminent naturalist we 

 have named calls the whole organ, the mastax^ 

 and states that it is composed of dense muscular 

 fibre. The tube which leads down to it, he desig- 

 nates the ''buccal (mouth) funnel," and the tube 

 that issues from it, and conveys the food to the 

 digestive sac or stomach, he calls the oesophagus'^ 

 in conformity with tlie nomenclature applied to 

 creatures whose mouths are in their usual place. 

 Inside the mouth-gizzard are placed two organs, 

 which work like hammers, and which Mr. Gosse 

 therefore names mallei. The hammers work against 

 a sort of anvil, which is called inafs^ the Latin for 

 that implement. Each hammer consists of two por- 

 tions articulated by a hinge joint. The lower por- 

 tion, 'the manuhrium^ or luindle, gives motion to the 

 upper portion, which from its shape is named the 

 uncus^ or hook. The unci are furnished with fin- 

 ger-like processes or teeth, which vary in number. 

 There are five or six in the best developed speci- 

 mens. These hooks or teeth work against each 

 other, and against the incus., or anvil, which consists 

 of distinct articulated portions, of which the principal 

 are two rami, or branches, jointed so that they can 

 open and close like a pair of shears. These two rest 

 upon a third portion, which is called the fulcrum. 

 Some faint idea of the workino; of the toothed 



