STIGMA. 75 
kind I know of in Compositæ, or in any plant with a nonfolia- 
ceous carpel. 
The stigmatic surface occupies the whole of the inner- 
face of the style, this is in the first place flat: but as it ap- 
proaches the canal, it becomes concave. 
The styles are throughout the divided part, very closely 
approximated : the stigmatic surface as an opaque object, 
appears as a whitish streak, occupying the line of approxi- 
mation. 
Very generally, there is a marked difference between 
the dorsum of the style, and the stigmatic portion of its 
inner face. This difference may be rendered obscure by a 
variety of causes, but by none more than a hispidity of the 
dorsum itself, a structure not uncommon in Composite. 
When the pistillum is composed of 2 carpels, almost entire- 
ly closed, as in Lithospermum, the only constant effect of 
syncarpism, so far as regards the styles and stigmata, con- - 
sists in the presence of one stigmatic canal. 
In the upper part of a divided style, there may be several, 
but throughout the undivided part there appears to be con- 
stantly only one. 
Somewhat analogous instances in which there is a lamina, 
a midrib, and then a convolution of this, occurs in Nepenthes. 
The stigma of a simple carpellum presents very generally 
an obliquity, with reference to the style. The only instances 
I know of, in which this does not appear to exist, is in 
Umbelliferæ and Lithospermum, in which the mature style 
appears really terminal, an appearance which might arise 
from an infundifuliform-apexed style, and a marginal stigma 
in an intimate state of cohesion. 
The apex of the pistillum, i. e. the apex ofa carpillary 
leaf, is the part first formed. In no case is this more 
remarkable than in Asclepiadex, (Calotropis) in which at 
a very early period, the pistillum consists of 2 laterally 
inside concave bodies (slightly rolled leaves); these bodies 
are certainly the part that subsequently forms the stigma. 
For this reason whenever an attempt at a compound 
pistillum is made, evidences of the apices of its component 
