992 DEVELOPMENT OF LEAVES, 
Casuarina muricata —Pl. 59. G. 
9. The leaves are in whorls, not foliaceous, but rather re- 
sembling those of Equiseti, they have apparently the veins, 
but this is due to the presence of a line of brown-greenish 
parenchyma on either side of midrib. They are leaves because 
they produce axile buds, and because they are developed as 
distinct puncti. 
Nepenthes.—P1. 60. 
I. Punctum with an oblique base. 
II. Punctum elongated, a foveola with round edges below 
apex ; anterior part of upper part furrowed broadly. 
III. Inflexion of upper margin of foveola: shadowing out 
of a Hm criste. 
V. Margin more developed ; lid now presenting an entrant 
ait and two marginal gibbosities, the former soon 
closes up, origin of pitcher, the latter form subsequently the 
two veins of lid, the interior corresponds to the depressed 
part above the closing up gibbosity ; lamina of leaf now a thin 
margin along anterior middle of petiole, which is very thick. 
The lamina then takes on most development, the pitchers 
remaining rudimentary, covered with hairs, long after the leaf 
is perfectly developed, the midrib however goes on throughout 
lengthening. An intermediate change consists in its thicken-- 
ing upwards or becoming clavate, and then tapering again to 
the pitcher. 
The processes of rim of latest development or most ulterior, 
therefore those with largest rims are most organized. 
The lst appearance of leaf in Nepenthes is the point as 
usual just below the apex. Then a concavity with a tendency 
to incurvation of upper edges. 
Then a decided incurvation and the point beginning to be 
lengthened backwards, and deepening of the cavity. 
Then deepening of cavity, prolongation of apex obliquely 
backwards, inflexure so as to close the cavity, the mouth of 
which is occupied by a white cellular pappillose pulvinus. 
The parts afterwards remain much the same; the pulvinus 
becomes subsequent, the intervenium of lid, the fringe of mar- 
gin, and the ventral? crests are later developed. 
