PITCHERS, STIPULES AND TENDRILS, 233 
The development of the pitcher is primary, it begins before 
the lamina of the petiole is commenced, which is exactly as 
in Ficus elastica, but in this species it then becomes com- . 
paratively retarded, and so we have highly developed — 4 
with very rudimentary pitchers. 
There is little reason perhaps for considering the lid as la- 
mina, it is rather the foliaceous dilatation, and the whole pitcher 
is perhaps to be considered as an anomalous structure = the 
midrib. 
But further observations on leaves, especially pinnated are 
required. 
Nepenthes is allied to Aroidea in venation ; it prisenti a 
very remarkable character of the secondary veins, not being 
larger than the tertiary : in the longitudinal character of the 
lowermost of them, it approaches Monocotyledonous vena- 
tion, and particularly that of a quatic puri. 
STIPULÆ. 
- Nothing satisfactory has as yet been said about these or- 
gans. It has struck, I believe every one, that they are modi- 
fications of leaves, with which in distribution and anatomy 
they often precisely agree. 
See Lindley’s Definitions, El. p. 29; but such an'origin 
cannot be made to apply to many, such as the interpetiolar 
Stipules of many Rubiacez, the convolute stipule of Ficus, 
etc. Because in the former they have, in the mature state, 
no connection with the petiole, andi in the nes they are 
positively above it 
n Parkinsonia initi, the Mipsie are the lower pin- 
nules. 
If they are, as Lindley says, accessory leaves, it is at once 
clear that they are not always double organs, as in the tribes 
with interpetiolary stipules, Ficus, Dipterocarpus; etc. In- 
stances likewise occur in Rubiacee which are not explainable 
on such grounds; and further, their axils sppe very rarely 
to produce buds. 
2H 

