98 APPENDIX. 
MENISPERMACEZ. 
Constituents of Calumba Root. 
M. Bocchiola (Chemist and Druggist, Jan, 10, 1891) gives the 
following percentage composition of the cortical and woody portions 
of the root :— 
Outer part. | Inner part, 
Water : 13°00 14°00 
Ash oa uy es oe es a ls = 5°00 6-00 
Ether extract ... Sh aes oe sai we 0-7 0°80 
Alcohol extract . ie ive OF a ea 3°89 3°86 
Proof Spirit extract 25 ee we ee oe: 17:96 17-80 
alumbine nee ets ibe i se 1:42 1°90 
0. by titration ie <a a ne a 0:98 1:38 
og eon ey ae a Ae es 1-43 0°72 
Do. by titration ... = aay aa 2°95 145 
The percentage composition of the ash was :— 
Silicie acid 14:13 and 7°42, phosphoric acid, as an iron salt, 6°11 
and 1°61, phosphoric acid, combined with alkali and earthy bases, 
5 04 and 12°63, in the outer and inner parts of the root. 
The author found old roots to contain as much as 2°07 and 2°63 
per cent. of calumbine, and 2-05 and 1-02 per cent. of berberine, 
showing their superiority over the younger roots. 
BERBERIDEZ. 
Berberis vulgaris, Linn. 
Aitchison (Notes on Prod. of W, Afghanistan and N.-E, Persia, 
p. 25) has the following notice of this plant:—“* The Barberry, jir, 
Jjrkhdr, ver-khdér, zir, zir-bar, zir-balak; the fruit, zirishk, strishk. 
Avery common shrub, growing at an altitude of 2,000 feet and 
upwards, from which is largely collected the fruit ; this is consumed 
locally, as well as being exported in some quantity to India, where it 
is highly appreciated by the natives as a condiment, Usually the 
fruit contains no seeds; it is then much more oval, longer, and of a 
much lighter colour than thet which has seeds, On reaching the 
tingui 
itin the trade from small, dried, black grapes; the latter are our 
Iuropean currants, or corinths, From the root-stocks of the 
