APPENDIX, 121 
matter, already mentioned, separated on the sides of the bottle, The 
agitation with basic lead was continued for a considerable time, until 
colouring matter ceased to be dissolved. The amylic alcohol was 
then allowed to stand for some days, filtered, and evaporated on a 
water-bath. The extract was next taken up with water, and lead 
removed by H*S. After filtration the solution was again evaporated 
to dryness, the extract reduced to powder, and repeatedly agitated 
and digested with ether. The saponin extracted in this manner had 
a faintly yellowish colour, and contained 6 per cent. of ash free from 
lead. After drying over sulphuric acid in vacuo, the following results 
were obtained on ultimate analysis :— 
Exp. 1, Exp. 2. Mean. 
Carbon... ses 00-28 60°21 60°165 
Hydrogen .. oe ee 8-54 8-445 
Oxygen ... w. 31°53 31:25 31°390 
100:00 100:00 100-000 
Some of the saponin used for the last analysis was subjected to 
a further process of purification. It was dissolved in amylic alcohol, 
and the solution repeatedly agitated with aqueous barium hydrate. 
On evaporating the amylic alcohol solution to dryness, and heatin 
the powdered extract with ether to separate traces of amylic alcohol, 
the saponin was left as a white powder which contained °308 per 
cent. of ash. On ultimate analysis, the following percentages were 
obtained, the saponin being dried tx vacuo over sulphuric acid :-— 
Exp. 1. Exp. 2. Mean. 
Carbon ...  ... 59°90 59-82 59°86 
Hydrogen oo eG 8°62 8°63 
Oxygen .. 31:46 31°56 3151 
130°C0 100-00 100°00 
It seems likely to us that the last sample of saponin isolated was the 
purest of the three examined, though we are not prepared to definitely 
assert it was a pure saponin. We have adduced some evidence 
which tends to indicate that at least two saponins exist in false 
— and it is possible that the method we used for separation 
