186 APPENDIX. 
well shaken. After separation the chloroform is drawn off, and the 
process repeated with 10 ¢.c, chloroform. The washings are mixed 
and freed from traces of alkaloid by shaking with three successive 
small portions of acidulated water, and these are separated and 
added to the original solution. The latter is then made alkaline with 
ammonia, and the alkaloids extracted with three successive 15 e.c. 
chloroform. To obtain the alkaloids in a pure condition, they are 
withdrawn from solution in chloroform by agitation with three 
successive small portions of acidulated water, the mixed acid solutions 
made alkaline with ammonia, and the alkaloids taken out by agita- 
tion first with 10 c.c, and then with two successive 5 c.c. chloroform, 
In cases where the final acidified aqueous solution was not colourless, 
the process of shaking out was repeated. The mixed chloroformic 
alkaloidal solutions were afterwards shaken with ammoniated water, 
and after separation were drawn off and evaporated over a water- 
bath, and the alkaloidal residue heated at 100° until the weight 
was constan 
The above process was found to be applicable to the majority of 
the tinctures without any modification; but with others greater 
difficulty was experienced than had been the case in any of the 
estimations previously made, 
This arises from the fact that in many specimens of stramonium 
seeds there seems to exist some substance soluble both in alcohol and 
water, and not removable by chloroform either from an acid or 
alkaline liquor, and which possesses the property of emulsifying 
chloroform when that liquid is shaken up with a solution contain- 
ing it. 
_ No difficulty was experienced in removing the oil and colouring 
matter, but when the extract was made alkaline and shaken with 
chloroform, emulsification took place, and the chloroform refused to 
separate out clear, even after standing for some hours. Separation 
into two layers did, however, take place, the upper layer consisting 
of a brown alkaline mother-liquor, and the lower layer of emulsified 
chloroform containing the alkaloid in solution, aad holding in 
suspension some of the mother-liquor. It was ascertained that all 
the alkaloid was taken out by the chloroform, and two processes 
were devised, whereby it could be extracted from the chloroform 
emulsion and obtained in a pure condition, By the plan first 
adopted, the original alkaline liquor was shaken. with three 
