10 
in the water, far from the bottom, as "pelagic fish”. He has on the deep 
sea, between Jan Mayen, Beeren Eiland, and Norway, in the surface, found 
rather considerable numbers of cod and haddocks, belonging to the fry of 
the year, as many as 69 in one haul, with a net especially adapted for it 
of c. 21 feet in diameter. He states, as the result of his investigations, 
"that the fry of the codfishes, in summertime, is found pelagically in the 
open Skager-Rack, the North Sea, and the Norwegian North Atlantic, as also 
on the shores of the open sea; while the deep fjords are, nearly all of them, 
exceedingly poor in the fry of the year, which is carried along, mechanically, 
by the sea-current.” — 
My above-mentioned finds of the fry of cod in the deep Skager-Rack 
must therefore he looked upon, perhaps, as I was immediately inclined to 
do when still on board, in that way, that the fish have got into the trawl 
while the latter was being hauled on hoard, and the fish have been swim- 
ming in the very mass of water far from the bottom; therefore my addition, 
loc. cit.: "Perhaps under jelly-fish”, which does not allude to any mere pclagic 
way of living, which was then unknown to me. Sars's earlier accounts of 
the relation between the jelly-fish and this fry are all, we know, based on 
investigations close to the shore; that the fry should be able to live many 
miles out at sea, is a thing which Sars has scarcely thought possible. The 
later investigations do not.seem at all to confirm the existence of any closer 
relation to the jelly-fish. The fry, for instance, is often found where no 
jelly-fish are living. 
In an essay by M'Intosh: "Contribution to the Life-Histories and Devel. 
of the Food and Other Fishes. XV Ann. Rep. Fishery Board f. Scotland. 
P. III, 1897, p. 194—210. 3 Plates”, he gives us some observations on the 
fry of cod, haddock, and whiting. He emphasises here the great difference 
in their ways of living between the fry of cod and that of haddock. The 
fry of the latter always keeps "in deep water offshore”, which has been 
shown by Fulton also, till they are nearly half-grown fish. The fry of cod, 
on the other hand, goes in to the shore when small, though most likely the 
majority of them also are fond of "offshore waters”, till they have reached 
1/,—3/, inch in length; but then they approach the shores. At all events, 
however, it is not quite easy to distinguish sharply between "inshore” and 
"offshore” waters, and, more particularly, it is not easy to use these words 
in speaking of the Danish seas. Most of our waters inside the Skaw must 
probably be classed among "inshore waters”. We do not indeed, near Scot- 
land, find anything corresponding to the slightly saline (2—2!/, p.ct) surface 
waters (O0—c. 7 fathoms deep), which we have everywhere in the Cattegat 
and along the shores there. In Scotland the nearly unmixed water from 
the Atlantic goes far into the firths and up to the very surface, and pro- 
duces "'foceanic” conditions in bays and coves, while our fjords are always 
filled with Baltic water of low salinity. On the shores of Bohuslåin and the 
southern Norway, the Baltic water also forms the surface water, and from 
