8 SPOLIA ZEYLAN-ICA. 



During the north-east monsoon its trade is with the South Indian 

 ports and ports on the western coast, such as Quilon, Kolochul,* 

 Alippay, Ponani, Cochin, CaUcut, Mangalore, Kilakari. 



The trade with India is almost equally divided between the two 

 monsoons. Vessels from Paumben can come in both. Coastwise 

 trade is more active during the south-west monsoon. Vessels come 

 from Mannar, Point Pedro, Valavedditurai, Mullaittivu, Pesalai 

 during the south-west, and from Galle, Beruwala, Negombo, 

 Kalpentyn during the north-east monsoon. 



The name Kayts is neither Dutch nor Tamil. The Tamil name 

 of Kayts is Urkavatturai, " port where the village guard is kept." 

 Baldaeus corrupts this into " Ourature, " and Casie Chitty takes the 

 first part of this word as being the Sinhalese for hog, and says it is 

 the Sinhalese for " hog ferry." So it might be were it not plainly 

 a corruption of the Tamil name by which the place is still known. 



Baldajus uses the form " Cays," as the name was originally 

 written, which is the Portuguese for a quay.f It is to be noted 

 that there is really no name for the whole island on which Kayts is 

 situated, except the Dutch name Leyden, now disused. The 

 Survey Department have called it Velanai, but this is the name of 

 the principal village in the island only. 



The Dutch called this island Leyden, and the island of Karaitivu 

 Amsterdam. Punkudutivu was Middelburg, and the northern of 

 the two islands of Iranaitivu Enckhuysen and the southern Hoorn.} 

 The two together were called " The Two Brothers," a free transla- 

 tion of the Tamil name which literally means " the Double Island," 

 like Iranaimadu, " the Double Tank " on the North road. The 

 name, " The Two Brothers," was used even in British times. Delft 

 is the only one of the Dutch names of these islands that is in actual 

 use nowadays. 



The headland opposite the eastern extremity of Karaitivu is 

 known by the'- realistic and practical, if somewhat undistinguished, 

 name of Vrattimunai, which means " Dry Cowdung Point." 



Karaitivu is joined to the mainland now by the Punnalai cause- 

 way, which was constructed in the time of Sir William Twynam, is 

 2 miles long in a perfectly straight hne, and has ten bridges. It 

 has been of immense benefit to the people of Karaitivu, who are 

 now very prosperous. 



PUNKUDUTIVTJ. 



December 7, 1905. — Started from Kayts about 2 p.m. by boat for 

 Punkudutivu ; arrived there about 4.30 p.m., and at the dispensary, 

 where I am to stop, at 5. Farther down the road, just beyond the 



* A port near Quilon, noted for its nettali fish, which are largely imported 

 into the Jaffna peninsula. 



t See " Ceylon Literary Register," Vol. V., p. 204. 



X The same names were given to two of the bastions of the Colombo Fort. 



