NEW PLUME-MOTH. 29 



suspended pupa always gets rid of the larval skin entirely. This 

 habit is the exact opposite of that found in Trichoptilus oxydadylus, 

 Wlk., whose discarded larval skin is not shrivelled up, but is stretched 

 out along the stem just above the pupa. 



When first formed the pupa is of a light apple-green colour, the 

 wing-covers and appendages of a darker green, and a narrow darker 

 medio-dorsal stripe. On either side of this last is a series of eight 

 red tubercles, each bearing two black spines, both pointing longi- 

 tudinally in opposite directions ; on about the eighth somite, however, 

 the foremost of these two spines becomes obsolescent and quite 

 disappears before the anal extremity is reached. (See fig. 7.) The 

 cremaster consists of two portions approximately equal to one 

 another, one in the centre of the ventral surface of the twelfth somite, 

 the other at tlie anal extremity. 



In some cases the newly formed pupa is wholly suffused with a deli- 

 cate pink flush , which almost becomes a dull red in some specimens. 



After a couple of days the bright green begins to fade and ulti- 

 mately becomes a dull uniform pale yellowish-brown, by which time 

 the eyes and antennae are clearly marked in black. 



The pupa is formed about thirty hours after the larva has sus- 

 pended itself, and the moth emerges after about nine or ten days in 

 the pupal state. 



Emergence of Imago. — The moth always emerges in the 

 morning, usually at about 8 a.m. 



The following notes refer to one particular case of eclosion, which 

 was watched throughout : — 



" 10th September, 1907, 7.30 a.m. — Pupa of paludicola bent away 

 from the supporting stem. Wing covers very dark , the wings showing 

 through; abdomen dark yellowish-brown ; capital extremity lighter. 



" 8 a.m. — A dark mark along base of wing covers, which seem 

 quite separated from segments. Pupa quiescent. 



" 8.20 A.M. — A reddish suffusion along dorsal segments (about 

 fifth to eighth). 



" 8.40 A.M. — A tremulous motion, and the pupa hangs down a 

 little more freely. 



" 8.45 A.M. — Segments opposite tips of wing covers look very 

 loosely separated, and there is a constant slight motion in the 

 ventro-dorsal plane. 



"8.48 A.M. — Antenna-case separate; a distinct split in lower 

 surface near eye. Head emerging. Emergence of thorax quickly 

 follows in rapid gliding jerks. 



" 8.50 A.M. — Abdomen is half emerged ; tips of wings still 

 retained ; legs and antennae free. There is no^\• a distinct pause. 



" 8.54 A.M. — A sudden jerk and the abdomen is wholly withdrawn 

 from the pupa case, which is grasped by the first and second pairs of 

 legs, The abdomen now hangs down, the hind legs crossed over it, 



