MIMICRY IN CEYLON BUTTERFLIES. 3 
flying in places where both the models were also abundant. The 
colour pattern of E. fraterna (P1. IT., fig. 8 B) is less sharply cut than 
in either of the models, and this feature, combined with a somewhat 
different mode of flight and an entirely different scheme of colour- 
ation on the under surface (PI. IT., figs. 8 C and 9 B) is, for any 
but a quite unpractised eye, sufficient to identify this species at a 
distance of 20 feet or more away. 
The case of Hypolimnas misippus female and Danas chrysippus 
is now so well known that it is unnecessary to dwell upon the 
extraordinary resemblance between these two insects as regards 
the upper surface of their wings. H. misippus I only met with 
occasionally, and never flying with the ubiquitous D. chrysippus. 
Its mode of flight is quite distinct, and had I seen them flying 
together my impression is that I should not have had much 
difficulty in picking it out from among the Danaids. 
The relation of Argynnis hyperbius female to Danas plexippus 
is an interesting one. As the plate shows (PI. IT., figs. 9 A and 
10 B), the two insects are quite distinct in appearance when set out 
in the ordinary way. But when flying, I am told by Col. Manders 
that they are extraordinarily alike. Now, A. hyperbius is a typical 
up-country insect, and is very rare below 4,000 feet. D. plexippus, 
on the other hand, is very rarely to be met with above 4,000 feet. 
The two forms only come into contact over a narrow zone on the 
confines of their respective territories, and for the most part their 
distribution is entirely separate. Under these circumstances it is 
difficult to believe that the presence of a distasteful species in 
another part of the Island, which looks like the Fritillary only 
during flight, can in any way benefit the latter by serving as a 
model. 
Papilio clytia is a tailless form, dimorphic in both sexes. The 
brown form with orange-yellow spots on the margin of the hind 
wings (PI. II., fig. 3 B) bears some resemblance to a Huplea (P1. II., 
fig. 11), while the other form [var. dissimilis (Pl. II., fig. 3 A)] is 
striped somewhat after the fashion of Danais septentrionis (P1. IT., 
fig. 2 A) and D. vulgaris. The ground-colour of the Papilio how- 
ever is yellowish, while that of the Danaids is blue with a slight 
greenish tinge. The brown form I only met with once at close 
quarters, in the jungle just outside Trincomalee. Hupleas were 
very abundant at the time, but as the Papilio approached me I at 
once recognized that it was something different, and when caught 
it turned out to be P. clytia. Subsequently I saw several speci- 
mens in the open at Dambulla, and although I was unable to 
catch them there was no question of comparing them with Huplea, 
owing to their general appearance and their stronger and bolder 
mode of flight. P. clytia var. dissimilis I saw first in the jungle 
near Sigiriya, and had no difficulty in recognizing it, though I could 
