20 SPOLIA ZEYLANICA. 
(3) Either of the two forms of female which ave unlike the male 
may give both forms, or may breed true. 
(4) Of the two forms of female which are unlike the male, one 
may give females which are all of the same form and 
unlike herself, while the other must always throw some 
- females like herself. (Thus, 2? y mated with an appro- 
priate male can give only 99 0» but 2 @ must always 
give some at any rate of her own type of £). 
It is assumed here that any given female is fertilized by a single 
male. Where a female can be fertilized by more than one male the 
working out of such a case would become more difficult. Compli- 
cations of this nature would however not affect (1) and (2), where | 
the: expectation would remain the same whatever male or series 
of males was introduced. 
So far as I am aware the only breeding experiments with poly- 
morphic females which have been recorded are with Papilio dardanus* 
and Colias edusa,} and in either case the records are very scanty. In 
the dardanus experiments six families were raised, two from each 
of the three ¥ forms cenea, trophonius, and hippocoon, and the 
results, though of course too few for definite opinion, appear to me 
not discordant with an explanation on the lines suggested above. 
Of especial interest are the two families from hippocoon ??. In 
one of these there were 14 99, viz., 8 cenea, 3 trophonius, and 3 
hippocoon, while in the other all the 13 22 produced were of the 
hippocoon form. Such a result seems to point to a difference of 
constitution of the parents of one sex certainly, and possibly of 
both. Each of these eventualities is allowed for in such a scheme 
as that outlined above, while in harmony also with it is the fact that 
none of these polymorphic females appears to be capable of producing 
afemale of the male type. The case is of course more complicated by 
reason of the greater number of polymorphic forms, and it is to be 
hoped that further experiments will be made on the breeding of this 
interesting species. 
The single family in the case of Colias edusa mentioned above was 
bred from the pale helice variety which, as is well known, is confined 
to the ¢ sex. The eggs laid by this specimen gave 79 éé, 19 
edusa 29, and 52 helice 92. The fact that edusa 22 can come 
from helice appears to be inconsistent with the scheme suggested 
above, and it is not unlikely that this particular scheme may here 
break down. Nevertheless it should be pointed out that in edusa, 
as In many other species, the common type of ? is not of the male 
pattern, and we may be dealing here with two forms of female of 
the is and y typ pes, the « ee in this species being unknown. And 

* Poulton, E. B., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1909. 
+ Main. H., and Harmison. A., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1905, p. vi. 
