PARASITIC PROTOZOA FROM CEYLON. 83 
from these inconclusive negative results, I have obtained a few 
positive records, which appear to me to justify a few general remarks 
before I conclude. 
A point of some interest is in connection with the distribution of 
the protozoan parasites is frogs. I have found, as recorded in 
previous pages, that the Ceylon frogs harbour a set of Protozoa 
exactly parallel to the set which one finds in European frogs. In 
both one tinds two kinds of blood Protozoa: Hemogregarines and 
Trypanosomes. In both one finds three genera of flagellates in the 
large intestine : Trichomonas, Trichomastix, and Octomitus (Hexa- 
mitus). In both one finds an Hntameba in the large intestine. In 
both one finds ciliates—belonging to the three genera: Opalina, 
Balantidium, and Nyctotherus—in the large intestine. In both, 
finally, one finds a ciliate of the genus Balantidiwm inhabiting the 
duodenum. The three flagellates and the ameeba correspond in 
general appearance so closely in the Ceylonese and European frogs 
that I cannot distinguish them from one another. | 
Again, the Ceylon crocodile has been found to harbour a hemogre- 
garine, which resembles not only that described from the Indian 
gavial, but also those found in African crocodiles and the Mississippi 
all gator. 
Then in the snakes. Apart from the new spirochet which was 
found, one finds hemogregarines which resemble not only those 
found in snakes from other parts of Asia (India, Tonkin, China, 
Java, &c.), but also those in snakes from Europe, from Africa, from 
North and South America, and from Australia. The only snake 
trypanosome which I found is closely similar to another previously 
described from a tropical American snake. Furiher, one Ceylon 
snake was found to possess a T'richomastia very like that which I 
have already described from a South American Boa constrictor. A 
similar organism occurs in all probability in European snakes. 
Then, in the case of the white ants, similar interesting finds have 
been recorded. Ceylon termites harbour a flagellate belonging to 
the remarkable family Trichonymphide. These parasites have 
previously been found in termites in Europe, North America, and 
South America. The only other host of trichonymphids is the 
cockroach. It is therefore of interest to find that the Ceylon termite 
harbours a ciliate of the genus Nyctotherws, which very closely 
resembles that of the common cockroach, Stylopyga orientalis. This 
is a fact not without interest for the systematic entomologist. 
Lastly, the Ceylon termite possesses a spirochet, and there are 
indications that the North American and European termites harbour 
a similar parasite. 
Some further parallels could be added to this list, but it is perhaps 
unnecessary to develop this theme any further. Yet it seems to me 
that these facts are of something more than purely protozoological 
interest. 
