FRESH-WATER FISHERTES OF CEYLON. 97 
(Lates calcarifer). Some of the most abundant fish caught in the 
weir traps are called “ anguluwa,” of which there are two kinds : 
“ tora-anguluwa ” (Arius falcarius) and “‘ wel-anguluwa ” (Macrones 
gulio). The former species produces large yolky eggs ; the latter 
produces the usual small eggs of bony fishes. After the female of 
the “tora-anguluwa”’ has laid a batch of eggs, each measuring 
about half an inch in diameter, enclosed in a transparent membrane , 
the male takes the soft eggs into his capacious mouth and keeps 
them there for many days until they hatch out as large fry, retaining 
the fry until the yolk is absorbed. The eggs which are thus carried 
about in the mouth of the male are called “kate-viju,” as distin- 
guished from the “ bade-viju”’ in the ovaries of the female ; the fry 
in the mouth are the “ kate-petaw.” The actual process of ingesting 
the eggs has not been observed. 
When the mouth of an ovigerous male is examined, the cavity is 
found to be stretched to its utmost capacity so as to hold 15 or more 
eggs (see Plate, fig. 1). In this position the eggs are exposed to 
the respiratory current of water as it passes through the gill clefts, 
and at the same time they are protected from enemies. The 
ceesophageal passage at the back of the pharynx is closed, and the 
palatine teeth are usually found to be greatly reduced as compared 
with those of females and of normal males (see Plate, fig. 7). The 
palatine teeth attain their greatest development in the female, and 
very rarely a small paired round group of vomerine teeth is to be 
found (see Plate, fig. 6). The intestine of the ovigerous male is 
generally shrunken to very narrow dimensions and devoid of contents. 
The ovaries of an adult female contain a very great number of 
eggs in different stages of growth, but of these only a few become 
mature at a time, and there is a great contrast in size between the 
mature and the immature ovarian ova. In one case there were only 
10 large eggs in the right ovary and 8 in the left. In another there 
were 21 large eggs in the right ovary, 24 in the left. 
Anguluwa is also caught in the Angulu Eliya lake on leaded lines 
baited with prawns, attached to kitul floats, resembling the “ thathe”’ 
used in Nuwarawewa, as described above. 
Atukotuwa.—A very common and at the same time a very dainty 
fish in the Panadure river is the “ koraliya ” (Htroplus suratensis). 
Some time ago a statement appeared in the local press to the effect 
that this species is a bony fish of no importance. As it is one of the 
best of the estuarine fishes in Ceylon, the statement was probably 
based upon a misunderstanding, perhaps a confusion with the 
“ kavaiya,’’ which has the reputation of being bony and thick- 
skinned, though a valuable agent in the destruction of mosquito 
larvee. 
In the Panadure lake it is captured in a wide-meshed “ baru-dela ” 
in the following manner. Two men proceed in a boat on a pros- 
pecting tour, carrying with them a quantity of leafy twigs, which 
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