FRESH-WATER FISHERIES ‘OF CEYLON. 99 
‘ Mopa Fisnery at Katurara. 
Koraliya, anguluwa, and other fishes are caught in quantity in the 
Kalu-ganga estuary, but the chief speciality of this station is the 
moda fishery. The moda (Lates calcarifer) is an estuarine perciform 
fish of superior quality and large size, which so far as is known 
spawns in the sea. It is captured at many other stations in the 
Jow-country, including Elephant Pass, where it occurs in company 
with another well-known game fish, Polynemus tetradactylus, which 
is called kalawa in Sinhalese, kalemin in Tamil, bamin in Malayalam. 
Other food-fishes observed at Elephant Pass in November, 1909, 
may be mentioned here incidentally as showing an interesting 
association of species at that station. 
Arius falearius, 15 inches long; anguluwa Sinh., kelaru Tam. 
Belone strongylura, 15 inches; the usual vernacular name for 
species of Belone is morala. Also in Panadure river 
under name habareliya. . 
Chanos salmoneus, the milk fish; weka Sinh., palei Tam. Not 
actually taken during my stay, but occurring during 
flood time. 
Chatcessus nasus; koiya Tam., katu-goiya Sinh. A Clupeoid 
fish, remarkable in possessing a hard muscular gizzard 
such as occurs in the gray mullets. It is also found in 
lake Tamblegam and in the Panadure river, where it is 
called katu-massa. 
Chrysophrys berda, the calamara or black teralei. 
Elops saurus; manna Tam., renawa Sinh. Also in the Pana-- 
dure river. 
Etroplus suratensis; o0’ti Tam., koraliya Sinh. 
Gerres limbatus; teralei Tam. 
Gerres lucidus; teralei Tam. 
Hemirhamphus xanthopterus. 
Mugil olivaceus, a gray mullet; manalei Tam., godaya Sinh. 
Platycephalus insidiator; eriyal Tam., mudu-weligowa Sinh. 
Also frequents the Panadure river. 
Plotosus canius. 
Sillago sihama, the kalanda; common at Panadure and 
Negombo. 
Synaptura orientalis, a flat fish. 
These are all common food-fishes, but I have not seen the bamin 
elsewhere than at Elephant Pass. I have examined another species, 
Polynemus plebeius, from the sea at Weligama. 
The moda is frequently seen in the Kalutara fish market, and I 
obtained some returns from a party appointed for the purpose 
through the Kachcheri in order to ascertain the average quantity 
and value of this particular species put upon the Kalutara market 
within a limited period. It is caught mostly by angling near the 
railway bridge, sometimes by netting near the mouth of the river, 
