[s. B. DAWSON] THE VOYAGES OF THE CABOTS 199- 



imperial arms on the map unless he had some high authority to back 

 him. The laws of Spain were not current in Flanders, and any publisher 

 making a map would make as much use as possible of the name of the 

 grand pilot of Spain to further the sale of his map, for the publishers of 

 those days were as anxious to push their sales as publishers of our own 

 times. 



If this theory be accepted it will explain the deviations from the 

 official Seville pattern on the map, without having to charge Sebastian 

 Cabot with being a liar, a scoundrel and a traitor, and will account for 

 the fact that he continued to be held in esteem by our own Edward VI. 

 and by all in England to the day of his death. That (Jabot did not see 

 the proof of the 1544 map is clear from the gross errors in the spelling of 

 the names in Spanish. Before passing to another point, I would invite 

 special attention to the fact that the map refutes the theory that Cabot 

 at any time entered Hudson's bay. Cape Chidley is not there, nor Cape 

 St. John. The name of Bonavista is not found upon it, and the landfall 

 is on the Atlantic coast. 



15. — Dr. Grrajales. 



Those who have given close attention to this subject have often 

 wondered how Sebastian Cabot communicated information for the map 

 of 1544. In Mr. Harrisse's Discovery of America, p. 640, we find that 

 indefatigable scholar had unearthed in the king's library at Madrid a MS. 

 in Spanish, the title of which he thus translates : 



'' Explanation of the sailing chart of his lordship the admiral. It 

 " contains a treatise concerning the sailing chart made (or written hecho) 

 " by Dr. Grrajales at Puerto Santa Maria, together with the use of two 

 " tables to ascei'tain the rising of the sun and the setting thereof from the 

 <= altitude of 38° to 48°." 



All that is known of this matter is from Mr. Harrisse's books, and 

 he tells us that he has found out nothing else about it. He speaks^^of the 

 writer as a Dr. Grajales and one Dr. Grajales. This MS. contains, first 

 the account Columbus wrote of his third voyage ; and, second, a Spanish 

 version of the twenty-two legends attached to the map of 1544. I pre- 

 sume the tables are there also. Later, in his last book (John Cabot), we 

 learn that he had found a copy of a pamphlet printed in Spanish (he 

 thinks in Belgium) containing the Spanish text of the legends in the 

 same type as those pasted on the margin of the engraved map now at 

 Paris. The connection between the map and the pamphlet is then clear 

 — there is no date, nor author's nor printer's name, nor privilege, to give 

 any chic to where or when the pamphlet was printed. Dr. Grajales, how- 

 ever, was, of necessity, an educated Spaniard, and he lived near Seville. 



