[s. B.DAWSON] THE VOYAGES OF THE CABOTS 211 



made five years after in London, during Cabot's life, the word magnam — 

 "large" — was omitted. From this it may be fairly argued that it was 

 purposely omitted. 



Those who argue for a Labrador landfall can find no single island along 

 the coast to mark anyone place specially. The islands are numerous, and 

 those who argue for Newfoundland are in the same position. Bishop 

 Ilowley, when speaking of an island of St. Mark now existing on Labra- 

 dor, incorrectly quotes Clement Adams as sa^-ing the island was synall 

 (Lect., p. 22). That island is probably one of iho many islands near the 

 latitude mentioned, about 55°. It is not on my maps or in the index of 

 the "Labrador Pilot" but when, at page 37, he is objecting to Judge 

 Prowse's islands in Bonavista bay, he quotes the other version to prove 

 that it was a "large island," and decides that these are too small. The 

 disputants take the islands as they find them at their landfalls, and quote 

 either version as may suit. I, however, claim that the version made 

 with Cabot's acquiescence is more probably right, and that he said noth- 

 ing at all about the size of the island. 



The position of the island in relation to the landfall is described by 

 different but almost synonymous words and the fact adds emphasis to 

 this indication. It is " appositam " (Chytrœus), " oppositam " (Paris 

 map), " ex adverso" (Clement Adams), " which liethout before the land " 

 (Hakluyt). Bishop Howley takes the Latin and Spanish of the Paris 

 version to mean "an island which stood out in front of the land "and 

 "not far ott\" "* The word " adversus " is defined in its relation to 

 locality as ^^Juxta, vel potms in cons2')ectu; e 7-egio7ie" by Ducange, 

 " Lexicon Manuale " (Ed. Migne), from all which definitions I conclude 

 that the English phrase, " over against," with a sense of propinquity, 

 would fairly convey the meaning. It was not one out of a cluster of 

 islands. It was single, opposite and near, to all of which indications 

 Scatari conforms. 



I come now to an objection which, as I previously pointed out, is 

 based on a gloss of Hakluyt, and has crept into his translation of Clement 

 Adams's Latin original. If the Latin be taken it will be seen that after 

 the word Baptistce is a colon and the next word, Hujus, commences with 

 a capital letter, thus making it refer to the whole territory, to wit, Bac- 

 calaos, described in Legend No. 8. This was argued in detail at page 67 

 of my first paper (1894), and I think that Sir Clements Markham has 

 scarcely weighed my argument when he charges (Journal Geog. Soc. for 

 June, 1897, p. 608) Sebastian Cabot with asserting that there were plenty 

 of white bears on Cape Breton island. A glance at the map will show 

 that the bears were in the region Bacallaos, for there they are portrayed, 

 two of them, walking along close under the polar circle, and they are 

 still there and catch fish in the way described."'' The inscription there 

 reads: De la tierra de los bacallaos a tabla primera No. 3. The figure 3 



