i-GANONG] CARTOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 323 



the people in the vicinity. Chaniplain yuve the name R. St. Louis to one 

 of the streams at Quaco, and it seems probable that this name has 

 persisted in the speech of ])ilot8 down to the present time, and has heen 

 •corrupted by the English to its present form. 



Though, in general, the maps fall into their i)ro]>er ))luce.s under the 

 types, there are some exceptions, due on the one hand to the persistence 

 of old types long beyond their ])roper limit, and on the other to the 

 appearance of aberrent forms resulting from other causes. There was 

 also a tendency for certain tj'pes of maps to issue from particular local- 

 ities, the map-makers there, no doubt, working together. Thus it becomes 

 possible to divide them into groups, as Harrisse and G-. E. F. Prowsebave 

 •done, such as the Dieppe, the Lusitano-Ciermanic, Sevillian, etc. The 

 persistence of old types is most common amongst the earlier maps. Com- 

 munication was then slow and uncertain, and it often required many years 

 fora new type to reach a foreign country, even if not far distant. Thus 

 the Italian maps of the middle and latter half of the sixteenth century 

 either showed no trace of Cartier's explorations, or el.se showed the old 

 topograph}^ with .some of Cartier's names, taken from his narratives, 

 added. No doubt older types were also sometimes copied in ignorance of 

 the existence and accessibility of later and better, especially from those 

 which map makers had issued from old plates simply redated. Even in 

 •our day old features persist. I have seen a good English map of 1885 

 which uses the name Liverpool for Eichibucto, though this naine was 

 oflficiall}' abandoned in 1832, and had scarcely come into use at all. Names 

 t.bus often remain long on the maps after they have gone entirely out of 

 use, and, indeed, very many names placed upon maps have never been in 

 use at all. Such was the case with many of those placed upon DesBarres's 

 -charts in the last century, and man}^ of those on the Admiralty charts at 

 present. The other aberrent tjqies appear through various causes, such 

 as a new mode of projection, or through the making of a new map based 

 upon personal knowledge and independently of earlier ones, as in that of 

 Denys, 1(J72, and through other causes. 



It is, of cour.se, true that the types of the series are not of equal 

 value, some being of great importance, very different from their pre- 

 decessors and long persisting, while others are little different from the 

 preceding and soon superseded by others. Markedly contrasting in this 

 respect are the types of Cartier and Delisle in our Ni.w Brunswick carto- 

 graphy. Moreover, a new type for one part of the country is not al ward's 

 a type for the whole, but may retain an old type in some parts. It 

 was thus with the Cartier type, which gave us a new form for the North 

 Shore only, the Bay of Fundy coast remaining of the older Ilibero tyi)e 

 until after the time of Champlain. 



There is, of course, the closest relation between the importance of a 

 territorj', and the number and excellence of the maps devoted to it. Thus 



