[GANONG] CARTOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 327 



Explorations of this kind continued, ;uul tVoin tlie addcnl data a great map- 

 maker, Bellin, constructed in 1744 :i map which gave a new tyi)e far sur- 

 passing any that preceded it, the Bellin type. After the middle of the cen- 

 tuiy the country passed into the hands of the English, and they began 

 exact surveys of the coasts, introducing the Modern type, chiefly founded 

 on the surveys of Morris, Wright and DesBarres. But these survej's were 

 disconnected, and it remained to gather them into one map, showing the 

 province as a whole laid down according to all the correct data, and 

 this was done on the map of Bonnor of 1820, which thus gave a basis for 

 that steady improvement which has characterized the advance of our 

 maps since then, and which, therefore, we may call the Complete type. 

 But surveys pieced together do not give accurate maps; these can be 

 based only upon trigonometrical surveys, which have not yet been made, 

 but when they are, they will give us the Exact type. 



At tirst New Brunswick was but a part of maps of very wide range 

 and small scale, usually maps of the world ; later it was part of maps of 

 North America, later of New France, later of Acadia, and it is only in this 

 century that we have large-scale maps devoted to it alone. 



It is plain that the cartographical types do not correspond to the 

 natural periods of our history. The Pre-ditierentiation. Cartier, and 

 Champlain types all belong to the Period of Exploration ; the Delisle and 

 Bellin to the French Period ; the Modern to the New England and Loy- 

 alist periods ; the Complete to the Post Loyalist Pei-iod, while the Exact 

 ty])e has not yet appeared. But these types and the influences controll- 

 ing them will now be considered more in detail. 



TYPE No. ].— THE PRE-DIFFEERNTIATION TYPE. 

 La Cosa, 1500, to before Cartier, 1534. 



jVew Brunswick a pcwt of an undifferentiated mainland, which has 

 an almost unbroken and often nearly straight coast-line, with no trace of 

 the Bay of Fundy, and but a small indentation for the Gulf of St. Law- 

 rence; hence no part of the New Brunswick coast is distirujuishably shown. 

 Began ivith the Voyages of the Cabots {lJtJ97, lJf.98') shown on La C'osa of 

 1500, and ended with the first voyage of Cartier {lôS-Ç) first shoivn on 

 Desliens of 15^. 



From a strictly local New Brunswick standpoint, this type has 

 little dii-ect interest, for probably no part of the province appears upon 

 any maj» of that time. Nevertheless, since the cartography of this period 

 strongly influenced that of the one next following, which does directly 

 concern our present subject, it must receive some treatment here, though 

 this need be but in brief outline. The subject is one of great impor- 



