334 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



-became extinct and are no longer even identitia))le.' One of the most 

 persistent of these names is a Terra de multa yente, which appears on Mag- 

 iriolo, and persists as late as G-utierrez, 1562, where it occurs near the present 

 Miramichi, and possibly may have some connection with it. On Gas- 

 taldi, however, we find a sudden advance in the representation of the 

 ^ulf, though not in its nomenclature. We do not know the source of 

 his information ; it has been surmised to be from the map of Jehan Denj's, 

 of 1506, but there is no evidence therefor. We tind the same represent- 

 ation on the map of Mercator, of 1538. Possibly the voyage of Fagundes 

 was the source of this topography, for it seems plain that he visited the 

 «•ulf thouo-h the map usually attributed to him belongs after the time of 

 Oartier. Bold as the outlining of Gastaldi is, however, it is altogether 

 too inaccurate to make it woith while to attempt to identify the places 



«hown. 



It is worth noting, that on this map most of the names of the 

 i^tlantic coast are taken from JMaggiolo, on which the names Anc/ou- 

 lesme, Flora. Paradis, Real, Refuge, all occur, though in a very diff- 

 erent order. From this time onwards, almost to Champlain, we can trace 

 two series of maps — an Italian series, with these names following Maggiolo, 

 and another series, Spanish, Portuguese, and French, following Ribero. 

 The comparison of the order of these names on the two maps is enough to 

 show the futility of attempting to identif}- the places to which the}' were 

 applied, and of course disposes of Kohl's theory that Angoulesme repre. 

 sents Passamaquoddy Bay, etc.,'- a mistake he would never have made 

 had he known of the Maggiolo map. which he did not. Probabl}' many 

 of these names were never applied to any places at all, or if they were 

 originally, their subsequent transposition was due either to carelessness 

 -or perhaps whim, on the part of later map-makers. There is another 

 similar map by Gastaldi of 1548, interesting as giving the first known use 

 of the name Acadia,'^ and Gastaldi's influence is plain in Euscelli of 1561. 

 The same names are on the Ulpius Globe of 1542. 



The different names applied to the territory of which New Bruns- 

 wick is a part, were successively, — by the Northmen probably a part of 

 Markland, by the brothers Zeni, Estotiland or Broijeo, by Cabot, perhaps 

 a part of the New Found Land, by Verrazano,'iVora Francia, also Ver- 



1 Harrisse (Discovery, 600) thinks i?. r/f/.s jtwô/ocS of Viegas may be Bay Chaleur 

 -or the mouth of the St. Lawrence and Rio Pria, the hxtter or the Saguenay— but it 

 is all very doubtful. 



- The same objection applies to Kev. Mr. Patterson's efforts to identify these 

 places and locate them on the coast of Nova Scotia (l^ortuguese in North America, 

 p. 1.52). Port Real and Rc/uyc are on Maggiolo in positions vvliich make it quite im- 

 possible that they could have been in Nova Scotia. That they are there on Gastaldi 

 is but one of the shifts of the map-makers. 



^ For a discussion of the origin of this important name see these Transactions, 

 <N. S.) IL, ii., 210. 



