[ganong] CAUïOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 333 



razana, by Gomez, Tierra dc t^stevaii (roinez, urul u])Oii dirtoreiit maps, 

 Terra de los Bret ones, Terra de Norumbega and Bacalaos. 



Such was New Brunswick cartography at the close of this period. 

 No part of our present province is certainly recognizable, and of our two 

 coasts, the Gulf of St. Lawrence is but placed, not outlined, while the 

 J)ay of Fundy is not even located. 



TYPE NO. 2.— THE CAETIER TYPE. 



Desliens, 1541 (Rot/, 1542), to before Champlain. 1604. 



The north coast of the province from the head of Northumberland 

 Strait to the Re&tigonche clearly laid down from actual exploration ; 

 south of that, Prince Edward Island remains merged with the mainland. ; 

 the Bay of Fundy, as in the last j'&riod, not shoivn, or but in one map, and 

 faintly indicated near the end of the century ; nothing whatever of the 

 interior known. Began with the first voyage of Cartier {lôSJ/), shoivn on 

 Rotz, 15Jf.2. the Harleyan, 1543, and Desliens, lôJf.1, and ended with the 

 voyages of Champlain {160S, IGOJf). 



With this period the cartograph}* of New Brunswick proper begins, 

 though it is concerned only with a part of the northern coast, which was 

 the first part of the province to be explored. 



The first explorer of the Gulf of St. Lawrence of whom we have 

 any authentic recoi-d, was Jacques Cartier, on whose first voyage in 1534 

 there is a considerable literature. Formerly his coui*se in the gulf was 

 obscure, but the studies of Mr. Jo8e])h Pope, Dr. N. E. Dionne. Bishop 

 Howley, and othei-s, have left scarcely a doubtful point in his entire voy- 

 age.^ Cartier was sent out by the King of France to explore this land 

 und to seek for the western passage. He entered the gulf in June 

 through the Straits of Belle Isle, and after coasting Labiador and the 



1 In particular Bishop Howley's papei, the latest and most complete of all, 

 seems to me to say about the last Avord on the subject in every point except one ; 

 I cannot agree with him in identifying Cartier's Alezay with Entry Island. I still 

 think it was Dcadman's Island. The narrative is not clear on this point, but the 

 facts of cartography are against his view. Thus we all agree that the Desceliers 

 map of 1.546 faithfully reflects Cartier's voyage, and that the Magdalenes are there 

 clearly shown. (See these Transactions, VII., ii., 31.) On this map Alezay is a 

 small island off the southwest corner of the Magdalene group, which is exactly 

 where Deadnian's Island is, and not where Entry Island is. 



It is striking how slowly the results of investigation upon special subjects gain 

 a place in general works. The amount of technical literature is becoming so enor- 

 mous that general writers cannot work over it all, and continue to take most of their 

 facts from older standard works, which, no matter how excellent in general, 

 are apt to be wrong in detail. Though Cartier's course has been made clear, the 

 newer histories still repeat old errors. Some new device is needed to force on the 

 attention of general writers the results of new research. 



