342 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



tion of de Lunario), and ralegiio is a Spanish equivalent for Chaleur. I can- 

 not find that this map is followed by an}- other whatever, which is remark- 

 able, considei'ing the fact that it was not MS., but published, and shows 

 either that it was unknown to, or held in suspicion by, contemporary 

 map-makers. 



An excellent map of the time is that of Joannes Freire, a Portu- 

 guese, of 154G. Its names are intelligible ; Allmadias is, doubtless, the 

 Portuguese almadia, meaning •' an Indian boat," and hence the equiva- 

 lent of the French barques. In Ho. de pazls and I. de haqua we have 

 both the French original and its Portuguese corruption, the latter, how- 

 ever transferred to an island often shown in this region (see on Des- 

 celiers) ; Delimargi seems to be the equivalent of Cartier's C. des Sauvages, 

 Avhile the other names are on Desliens. This map is followed with an 

 altogether rare fidelity by the Dourado map of 1573, which, indeed, is 

 nearly identical with it. 



Of some importance is the Vallard map of 1547, of uncertain author- 

 ship. It has no names uj)on our north coast (at least in the accessible 

 reproductions of it), but it shows a curious slender form of the Cape 

 Breton peninsula, which reappears in others, as that of Simon, of 1580, 

 W'hich, likewise, has no names in this region. 



A map, famous for its excellence, is that of Mercator of 1569, which^ 

 however, closely follows the type of Deseeliers in topography, though 

 apparently with some effort to make the Cape Breton peninsula conform 

 to the Vallard shape. The form, C. Despérance, which is giv^en in 

 Cartier's narratives, but which on Deseeliers and the Harleyan is C. 

 Despoir, makes one think that Mercator had the narrative before him in 

 making t,his map. It has C. de Stiago (i.e., St. James) as alternative for 

 Orleans, followed on some other maps ; this name I cannot explain.' A 

 map by G-uillaume le Testu, of 1555 or 1566, has some of the names so 

 corrupted as to be unrecognizable. 



Of a purely Cartier tj^pe is the map of Lazaro Luis of 1553, without 

 names in our region, but which has been cited as evidence of a pre- 

 Cartier exploration of the Gulf by Joam Alvarez Fagundes in 1521. In 

 the map itself, however, there is nothing not derivable directly from the 

 voyages of Cartier, and on our North Shore it is very close to his narra- 

 tive. 



Later in the century, and indeed down to the coming of Champlain, 

 maps of the Cartier- Ribero type continued to appear, none of them show- 



> Cartier sighted Cape Orleans June .30th. With reference to a Saint James, 

 whose da> is celebrated June 30th, Rev. Father Jones, of St. Mary's College, Mont- 

 real, has had the kindness to make search, and writes me : " I and in L. B. Fran- 

 c<eur s ' Théorie de Calendrier' a St. James on June 2;3rd. The octave of this feast, 

 if it had one, would fall on June 30th. But who this saint is I have not been able to 

 ascertain." 



