[ganongJ cartography OF NEW BRUNSWICK 343 



ing any advance and some of them shoAving extreme degeneration. Chief of 

 these maps are those of Ortelius, 1570 ; Thevet, 1575 ; Dee, 1580 ; Judaeis, 

 1593; De Bry, 159G ; Wytfliet, 1597; the Molineaux G-lobe of 1597'; 

 Quadus, 1600 ; Botero, 1G03, and others of the same set referred to by 

 Winsor^ and Harrisse/ And there were yet others of the same type 

 which appeared later, even long^ after the publication of Champlain's 

 maps. 



Viewing together all of these maps which show Cartier's voyages, we 

 tind they fall into two series : First, the French Harleyan-Desceliers 

 series, agreeing very closely Avith the narratives of Cartier, but with some 

 differences, such as C. Despair, instead of Desperance, and Anyoulesme. 

 instead of Orleans. Later these were superseded by Mercator, who uses 

 C. Desperance, as written in the narrative, and C. de Stiago alys dorleans, 

 and he is followed by Dee and Wytfliet. Second is the Portuguese- 

 Spanish series, to which the Desliens map, despite the French name of its 

 maker, belongs. These use Baye St. Marie for St. Lunario. and have the 

 word damas in some kind of combination, near the Miramichi. To this 

 group belong Cabot, Freire, Dourado and several others. Probably the 

 different names on these two series are the result of copying different 

 parts of inscriptions from Cartier's originals. 



The degeneration of the maps of the period is well shown in those of 

 Judaeis, 1593, Wytfliet, 1597, Quadus, 1600 and 1608, and especially 

 Hoeius, 1640, which show the end of the period and the condition at the 

 time of the coming of Champlain. They contain nothing new, and what 

 they do contain is far less accurate than is Desceliers, nearly sixty years 

 before. 



In some of these later maps the nomenclature remains much more 

 accurate than the topography, which is probably because Cartier's nar- 

 ratives were accessible, while his maps were not. As in other periods, 

 some maps of this extend over into the next, so far as date is concerned, 

 though with no improvement in topography, such are those of Oliva, 

 1(;13, 1650, and Sanchez, 1623. 



Naturally in this period there are some very aberrent types. Of 

 these, one of the more important and less extreme is thatofHomem, of 

 1558. (Fig. 11). In its nomenclature it has nothing pecuHar, except in 

 the Portuguese form given to the names, and the use of best us (Portu 

 guese besta, a brutish man), for " Sauvages," but in the topography it is 

 unique. As Kohl says: "Our author appears to have had a great 

 passion for islands and a sti-ong belief in northwest passages. He put 

 down a strait in every place where Cartier, in his report, had said he had 



' A photograph of this Globe, sent nie by Mr. Prowse, differs considerably from 

 the sketch of it in Winsor, III. 

 2 America, IV., 95, 101. 

 ■' Jean et Sebastien Cabot ; Discovery. 



