[ganong] cartography OF NEW BRUNSWICK 347 



or Hakluyt map of 1600, and this map represents its highest develop- 

 ment up to the time of Champhiin. Possibly some of these features on 

 those maps resulted from an expedition spoken of by Hakluyt, which in 

 1583 it was proposed to send to explore the coast southwest of Cape 

 Breton.' 



The map of Homem has been spoken of as an aberrcnt type for the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence, and it is likewise so for this region. It produced no 

 etiect uj)on any which came later. The ver}^ large Ijay which it shows 

 has been taken by Kohl '^ and others for the Bay of Fundy. Kohl con- 

 siders that the western side of this ba}^ represents the New England coast 

 north of Cape Cod, but this view introduces great difficulties and incon- 

 sistencies, and seems to me to be contradicted by the cartographical evi- 

 dence at hand. The nomenclature of this coast on Homem is of the Ribero 

 type, though corrupted. If one now will compare these two maps (figs. 

 5 and 11), he will find C. de viuchas yslas on both, and moving eastward 

 the first name in common is Golfo, then E. de Montanas. Taking account 

 of the distance between these two names, and the configuration of the 

 coast, it seems to be undoubtable that the great bay on Homem and the 

 river of the many islands of Ribero ai'e the same. The great size of 

 Homem's bay, however, and its branching at the end, and some other 

 features, do strongly suggest the Bay of Fundy, and I am inclined to 

 think are meant for it. In other words the simplest explanation seems to 

 be that Homem did have knowledge of the Bay (jf Fundy, gleaned, per- 

 haps verbally, from the fishermen, but supposed that the big river then 

 on the maps was meant for it, though made too small and wrongly 

 shaped. We can imagine Homem unable to believe that so great a bay as 

 that of Fundy was omitted altogether from the maps. He then simply 

 made the river the full size and shape for the bay, and the map is 

 explained. 



It is, perhaps, the most remarkable fact in the whole history of our 

 Cartography, that so conspicuous a feature of east-coast topograph}- as 

 the Bay of Fundy a])pears only in the uncertain way it does on the maps 

 throughout this period of exploration. The subject still requires a satis- 

 factory explanation, which can only be given by a study even more 

 minute than Kohl has made, of the cartographical history of the coast 

 from Cape Breton to Cape Cod. 



Thus does this period end. The Gulf of St. Lawrence is on the 

 maps to remain, though but poorly drawn ; the Bay of Fundy is but 

 little more than suggested. 



1 Coll. Maine Hist. Soc. iii., 228. 



- Thi.s river, coiiinionly considered to be the Penobocot, I have more than once 

 almost concluded, is the Bay of Fundy, and I am not .sure but that a more minute 

 study of this region will show this to be the case. This seems to be sustained by- 

 No. 157 of the Kohl Collection at Wasliington. 



