[ganongJ cartography OF NEW BRUNSWICK 349 



He knew also of I'isle de Sainet Jeun (Prince Edward Island)^ 

 which he says is thirty or thirty-five leagues long, though on his 1612 

 map he draws it as very small. In 1604, in comj^any with the Sieur dc 

 Monts, he set out from France April 17th, sighted La Heve May Sth,^ 

 coasted around Acadia to the Baye Françoise (Bay of Fundy), which he- 

 explored to Cape Chignecto, whence on June 20th he crossed to the New 

 Brunswick shore. As his maps show, he named a small river, St. Louls^ 

 (for the day of St. Louis de Gonzague, June 21, on which he arrived therej, 

 now called Vaughan's Creek, and an island near it, Isle perdue, now doubt- 

 less the small island at Quaco Head. Farther west he named a cape C. de 

 Mines, and a cape at the entrance of the St. John, Cap rouge, now Red 

 Head. He named the St. John for the saint on whose day (June 24th) he 

 arrived there. He did not ascend it, but obtained much information con- 

 cerning it from the Indians, and passed to the westward, visiting the 

 Wolves, which he named Isles aux Margos, or Oiseaux. He refers to 

 Mantliane (Grand Manan) and entered the river called from the natives 

 who lived there. R. des Etchemins, now the St. Croix. Here they founded 

 a settlement, the sad history of which has been so often told. That 

 autumn they explored along the New England coast, and in the spring 

 made a still longer voyage to the southward. In 1605 they removed the 

 settlement to Port ik03'al, and Champlain returned to France and never 

 again in all his voyages visited this part of Acadia. In his maps, this 

 voyage and no more is clearly reflected. 



Champlain's first published map is dated 1612. but there exist at least 

 three earlier ones which show his influence. In 1606 there came to Port 

 Eoyal a useful busybody named Lcscarbot, who published in 1609 a 

 " Histoire de la Nouvelle France,"' of considerable value, even though 

 almost all of his matter is second hand. In that work is a map (Fig. 13) 

 based upon data which must have been supplied by Champlain, but 

 it is badly drawn. It has an incidental interest in the writer's efforts to 

 show on it the identity of the places mentioned in the narratives of Car- 

 tier,'^ but these identiflcations, as is to be expected from his very imj^er- 

 fect data, are quite valueless, and the claim of the map to notice rests 

 entirely upon the fact that it is the first known published map of the new 

 type. In the collection of M. Harrisse is a fragment, su])posed to be in 

 Champlain's own hand, showing the St. Croix region, and dated 1607, 

 Avith an S written over the 7. Of much interest, also, is a large map of 

 1610, given in Brown's " Genesis of the United States,"' made by an un- 



1 This iiame probably persists corrupted in Point St. Tooley, the universal local 

 name (tliough on no chart), for the eastern headland of Quaco Bay. It was probal)ly 

 handed down through successive generations of pilots. 



- Another interesting early effort to trace Cartier's course is shown on a map 

 by Bellin in the Parkman MS. (Abenaquis, I., ^iS), in the Library of the Mass. His- 

 torical Society, but it is erroneous. Genesfs Historical Map of 187.5 is well known» 

 but is likewise in error at several points. 



