[ganong] CAKTOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 369 



A map-maker of much independence and orig-inality of orthogruj)hy 

 was Captain Cyprian Southack. Upon his map of 174() he tells i;s he had 

 cruised on the Atlantic Coast, from 1G90 to 1712, in the service of the 

 Crown. Grreen states in his " Explanation :" "Part of this last [i.e., St. 

 John River] to the Fort of Naxoat, 28 leagues ujDwards from its mouth, 

 was surveyed in the year 1697, when the English attacked the place.' 

 The draught is ascribed to Captain Southack, and is laid down by a scale 

 of one league to an inch one-eighth." Unhappily this is entirely lost, 

 but it is fair to suppose that its chief features are shown on Grreen's map 

 of 1755, presently to be referred to. Another map which, I think, is 

 Southack's, already printed in these Transactions (IX., ii., 72) in an atlas 

 dated 1707, but doubtless itself made as early as 1696, is very curious and 

 of remai'kable spelling, though most of the names are recognizable. On it 

 occurs for the first time the name Wolves. Southack's chart of 1733 is of 

 some importance"; it follows Blackmore in the Bay of Fund}', except 

 about Passamaquoddy, where it introduces a new topography (Fig. 28). 

 which was followed by Green, Mitchell and others. I think that on this 

 map Passamaquoddy bay is not at all shown ; that " Passamaquoddy 

 River" represents the p:issago between Deer island and Maine, and the 

 " St. Croix River" is Letite Passage. On this supposition the topography 

 is intelligible, and far more accurate than on those which preceded it, or 

 which followed it until the surveys of Mitchel in 1764. On the North 

 Shore, however, it is very inaccurate, and, perhaps, put in from hearsay ; 

 he uses such curious names as Barnabas Inlett, Naparont, Bastues Inlett, 

 etc., and uses Bed Sea for Northumberland Strait, as do some other maps. 

 A later map of his, of 1746, is again original, but contains little that is 

 new, and produced no effect upon others."' 



Another aberrent map of this period, but one of some local value, is 

 that of La Hontan, of about 1740. 



1 Reference in Dexter's Church's Expeditions, II., 97, 124. 



2 Green states that this was published in 1731, but near a fort at St. Petei"'s, it 

 has the inscription, "fortifying in 1733." 



Green (in his " Explanation," p. 5) says of this chart : " A very coarse and erro- 

 neous Draught, yet not without its use It does not appear, how- 

 ever, that in nialiing this chart he employed any Instruments excepting the Log and 

 Compass. On wliicli occasion I must observe, this is the first Time perhaps that ever 

 a Person bred to the Sea undertook to make a Chart of so great an Extent of Coast, 

 without ever taking a single Latitude ; and for the Honour of Navigators, as well as 

 the Safety of Navigation, I hope it may be the Last." 



In "Dominion Archives," 189.5, p. 11, is mentioned a "Memorandum of the 

 Bounds of the Sea-Coast of Nova Scotia," by Southack. 



3 This map (the only copy that I know of is in possession of Mr. Jonas Howe, of 

 St. John), in reference to a portage at the head of the St. John, has this legend : 

 " Branch where Mr. Nelson, Coll. Tyng & Capt. Allden, when taken prisoners by the 

 French in the year 1(592, were carried prisoners to Quebeck." This incident is ex- 

 plained in Murdoch, I., 199. 



Sec. II., 1897. 21. 



