386 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



I shall note first some early surveys which seem to have produced 

 little effect upon our cartography. Passing over the draft of the St. John 

 made \>y Southack in 169T, and Blaekmore's of the Bay of Fundy, we 

 find that in 1734 George Mitchell, one of the Deputy Sui-veyors of the 

 AYoods in North America, was ordered to proceed to survey the river of 

 Annapolis Royal and the entire coast around the head of the Bay of 

 Fundy, the neck of land at Bay of Vert ; " from thence you are to pro- 

 ceed to Chippody, the River St. Johns, and so forward around the Bay 

 of Fundj^ to Passamaquady, Grand Menan." This survey was to be 

 made with the greatest possible exactness/ but whether it was ever made 

 I do not know, for I have not been able to find any trace either of maps 

 made by George Mitchell or of any influence produced by such a survey 

 upon other maps, with a possible exception to be mentioned later.'' 



Green speaks of a chart made by Captain Richard Hazzen, from the 

 Merrimack to the St. Croix, of 1750, but I have seen no effects of this on 

 any maps of that region. 



But the first accurate survey of the modern type of any part 

 of New Brunswick is that made by Lieutenant Bruce, of St. John harbour, 

 in 1761. Many manuscript copies of this chart exist, and its principal 

 portion has been published in these Transactions (IX., ii., p. 61) ; it is of 

 very great importance to the local historian, since it shoAvs so accurately 

 the ap})earance of the harbour before the changes introduced by settle- 

 ment. There is in the Public Record office a report b}" Bruce on cleared 

 lands of the St. John, dated 1763, but I have not .seen it.' The next sur- 

 vey is that of John Mitchel, who, in 176-1, was ordered by Governor Ber- 

 nard, of Massachusetts, to survey Passamaquoddy bay,* which he did 

 with some thoroughness in that year, as we can learn from his field-book, 

 which is now in existence.^ Mitchel's survey was made with compass on 

 shore and with the distances estimated. His map. of which he made 

 three manuscript copies, is now unknown, but its influence is shown in 



1 Murdoch, Nova Scotia, I., 497. A copy of Mitchell's full commission for this 

 survey is in possession of Rev. W. O. Raymond, St. John. 



- Possibly this was the survey referred to by Murdoch, I., ôOS, under date 173.5 :— 

 " The Indians of the river St. John felt, or affected to feel, apprehensions on account 

 of the proceedings of the government surveyors in that vicinity." 



-'■Archives, 1894, 239. 



*In Gov. Bernard's instructions to Mitchel, he is ordered to proceed to the head 

 of the St. Croix, but he appears not to have done so. There is a reference to a survey 

 in that region in 1764 in the Massaclmsetts journals. 



■' This field-book is in possession of the Maine Historical Society. By the kind- 

 ness of the secretary of that society and of the former owner of the MS., Mr. W. H. 

 Kilby, of Boston, I have been allowed to Tnake a copy of it, w hich later I shall pub- 

 lish with annotations. Much from this book has l)een published by Mr. Kilby in his 

 "Eastport and Passamacjuoddy." 



There are important references to this and other early surveys in United States 

 State Papers, I., 91. Also, .see Kilby, 4.5. 



