[GANON'G] CARrOGRAPHY OV NEW BRUNSWICK 391 



maquoddy.^ By 1781, u« wc Icuni upon good authority, the St. John 

 had been sui'vej^ed for 95 miles, and probably by him. In the British 

 Museum, and also in the Ci-own Land office at Frcdcricton, are copies of 

 a map of 1784, seemingly based upon his, showing Loyalist and other land 

 grants made up to that time, which shows the river as far as Cirand Falls, 

 and the entire nomenclature is that which has persisted to this day, and is 

 now in us3. 



In an inscription ujjon one of his maps, Morris refers to the observa- 

 tions of Captain Peach upon the river as far as Lake Temiscouata. There 

 was a Joseph Peach, a petitioner for lands on the St. John in 1764,^ but I 

 can find nothing about his voyage up the St. John. Possibly he was with 

 George Mitchell in 1734 or 1735, or possibly his observations are but 

 those of a traveller on the way to Quebec. 



Upon DesBarres' chart of 1780 he shows the St. John river as far up 

 as St. Ann Point, and marks a few of the Predoyalist townships, the only 

 printed map known to rae which does so. But on his chart of the coast 

 from Newfoundland to Cape Cod, dated 1780, the interior of N'ew Bruns- 

 wick is represented with what is for that time a marvellous accuracy 

 (Fig. 38). Up until long after lt80, all printed maps still had the dis- 

 torted old Bellin topography, a heritage of the remarkable error of 

 Franquelin. But here, not only is the general course of the St. John 

 given with an accuracy much greater than appears in any other map 

 prior to this century, but the Aroostook. Tobique and other branches 

 are well laid down, and what is especially surprising is that the heading 

 of the Tobique. Nepisiguit and Miramichi is given with fair accuracy, 

 and better than upon any other map until that of Baillie in 1832. One 

 at first is inclined to connect the St. John part with that of Peachey (to 

 be referred to later), but a careful comparison shows nothing in common. 

 It is plain enough that DesBarres had access to some plans or other 

 source of information not accessible to other map-makers of that period, 

 and totally unknown to us. This map is to me the greatest puzzle in all 

 of our cartography. Its great differences as compared with others then 

 current must have caused it to be viewed with suspicion, for, though 

 published and widely circulated, it seems to have produced no influence 

 whatever upon any other map. Perhaps the fact that it was a chart 

 caused it to be overlooked by map-makers. 



We come now to a map which, Avhile hardl}^ to be dignified as the 

 result of a survey, nevertheless belongs to this period. In the Briti.sh 

 Museum is a map (l^ig. 39) of the Eiver St. John from Lake Madawaska 

 to its mouth, on which is the inscription : " Drawn by James Peachey, 

 Ensn. 60th Eegt.," and Mr. Edward Scott, of the British Museum, 

 writes me: "The map was executed between 1*787 and 1793, as James 



1 Archives, 1894, 274, 27.5. 

 Ï Archives, 1894, 398. 



