400 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



is far more detailed and accurate than the interior, of which no single com- 

 prehensive survey has yet been made. Began with the map of Bonnor of 1820^ 

 and, through a series of gradually improving forms, ended with that of Loggie 

 of 1885. 



It is not 80 much because of its intrinsic merit, even though it is a 

 beautifully made map and contains more information than any of its 

 predecessors, that Bonnor's map stands as a type in our cartography, 

 but rather because it marks a new principle. It is the first published 

 map devoted exclusively to New Brunswick, and it forms the first of the 

 type which we have in use to-day. Our later ones do not differ from it 

 in kind, but only in degree, in their greater detail and the correction of 

 minor errors. 



Thomas Bonnor was provincial agent for New Brunswick in London 

 from 1816-1824. It is not likely that he made this map himself; it wa& 

 probably prepared by some draughtsman in New Brunswick. It was 

 published in London, is a lithograph with some colour, on a scale of eight 

 miles to the inch. I know of the existence of but two copies, one in the 

 Boston Athenaeum library, and another, somewhat imperfect, which I 

 possess, given to me some years ago by Mr. Arthur Hill, of St. Stephen. 

 Probably there is a copy in the British Museum. It is very accurate as 

 far as it goes, for it does not copy old errors but leaves blank those 

 parts on which exact knowledge was wanting. The St. John is well 

 shown, and of course the St. Croix and Magaguadavic from the boundary 

 surveys, and the north line from the St. Croix, and the Green Eiver- 

 Madawaska region, from the same source. The Eestigouche is fully 

 drawn, but the Tobique and Nepisiguit only in their lower courses, while 

 the region of their sources is a blank. The Miramichi is well shown to 

 Boiestown and but poorly above, but its north branch is laid down fiiirly 

 well. The upper courses of many of the smaller streams are shown only 

 approximately. Eoads are traced in red, many large reserves or other 

 blocks are mai'ked, and the counties are named, but no boundaries are 

 assigned to them. The North Line from the source of the St. Croix, 

 surveyed in 1817, is of course shown. Of highway roads, four principal 

 ones are marked : — the Westmorland road, laid out late in the last cen- 

 tury ; that along the entire St. John river, from its mouth to Mada- 

 waska, likewise partly laid out in the last century and partly early in 

 this; the St. John-St. Andrews road, surveyed in 1810; and the St. 

 Andrews-Oromocto road, surveyed in 1813. In fine, the map seems to 

 represent very well the knowledge of our geography at that time. 



In one of the many works relating to the boundary disputes I have 

 seen reference to a map of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia of 1825 by 

 Wyld, but this is unknown to me. 



The next complete map of New Brunswick alone is that by Lock- 

 wood of 1826, of which there is a copy, with numerous later manuscript 



