406 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



îis Featherstonhaugh tmd Mudge's, already mentioned, but usually these- 

 are put in only by estimate, and are but approximate and very incom- 

 ])lete. Of published maps showing contour lines I know of none for any 

 part of New Brunswick, except a very crude folder issued -b}^ a steam- 

 boat company, based upon Owen's map of the lower St. John. 



Upon our best maps of to-day there are large gaps where no to])o- 

 graphy at all is laid down, or where the streams are but dotted in 

 approximately. Moreover, as every lumberman and every one of us wha 

 has been much in the wilderness areas of the province knows well, in 

 many places the lakes and streams are wrongly laid down. If an abso- 

 lutely perfect map of the province could be projected against Loggie's, 

 for example, upon the same scale, I have no question that the differences 

 would be considerable. It is simply impossible to make an exact map by 

 piecing together surveys of different scale, different extent and different 

 date ; yet. in this way are our maps of the province constructed. An 

 exact map can be made only by a complete unified trigonometrical survey 

 of the entire province. But such a survey is extremely expensive, and 

 we must wait long for it. AVhen it comes it will initiate a new period in 

 our cartography, and give a new type — the exact type. 



This ])eriod of our Cartography I have traced far less fully, and I 

 think much more imperfectly than the earlier periods. To do it justice 

 would i-equire as much space and labour as I have given to this entire 

 subject. Moreover, 1 have not had the use of as good materials for this as 

 for the previous periods, for the libraries and other collections to which I 

 have had access are poor in modern maps, and in my visits to the Crown 

 Land office I have worked rather upon other subjects. But I commend 

 this study of the evolution of New Brunswick cartography from the 

 foundation of the province down to the present, as a subject of the very 

 greatest interest. 



TYPE No. 8— THE EXACT TYPE. 



A complete and exact niappinj of the Province^ based upon a comjilete 

 triijonometrical sarveij : the final possible type. 



The Admiralty surveys of the coasts, and Owen's survey of the 

 Lower St. .John ai'e of this type, but otherwise it does not yet exist. 



CoNCLrSION. 



I shall here try briefly to state the relation of this study to the com- 

 plete Cartography of New Brunswick. In this paper it has been my aim 

 to make not so much a collective and exhaustive, as a selective and criti- 

 cal exposition of the subject, in order to illustrate the stages in its evolu- 



