tPBNHALLOw] A REVIEW OF CANADIAN BOTANY 9 



were accomi^lishcd, and to thein we chiefly owe our early knowledge of 

 Arctic vegetation. The large amount of material gathered by these expe- 

 ditions .stimulated great scientific activity, and for the first time the names 

 of W. J. and J. D, Hooker, as also of Eobert Brown, became permanently 

 connected with the history of Canadian Botany. In 1824, David Douglas, 

 whose name suiwives in our well known Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga 

 Douglasii) undertook a journey to the Northwest, and later to other parts 

 of British JSorth American possessions, a work which was destined to 

 leave a marked impress upon the botany of the country. 



In 1829, Bachelot de la Pylaie issued a work detailing the results of 

 his observations upon the flora of Newfoundland and the adjacent islands, 

 and to him we owe the first record of the occurrence of Calluna vulgaris 

 in America. 



Within the same period there was a somewhat remarkable advance 

 in botanical f^cience in the United Stales, the result of which was an 

 important influence upon the progress of the science in Canada. In 1817 

 Amos Eaton issued the first manual of botany for Korlh America, and in 

 1818 ISTuttall published his Genera of North American Plants, to be 

 followed in 1842 by his imjiortant supplement to the work of the younger 

 Michaux on the North American Sylva. The year 1820 witnessed the 

 issue of that notable work on the flora of North America by W. P. 

 Barton, and this was almost immediately followed by important contri- 

 butions irom Dr. John Torrey on questions relating to the flora of the 

 Great Lakes and the upper waters of the Mississippi, while in 1825 

 Schweinitz produced a monograph on the North American species of the 

 genus Carex, accom])anied in the same year by an account of his expedi- 

 tion to the source of the St. Peter's Eiver, Lake AVinnipeg and Lake of 

 the Woods. 



Following the expedition of Parry in 1828, there was a period of 

 comparative inactivit}^, during which but little real progress appears to 

 have been made — a period which was also one of comparative inactivity 

 among American botanists. During the twent}^ years from 1830 to 1850, 

 not a single Canadian botanist of note appeared, and it is to foreign 

 botanists that we are wholly indebted for such advances as were made 

 during that time. It was within this period that Rafinesque issued his 

 New Flora and Botany of North America, and that Torrey and Gray 

 brought out the first part of their Flora of North America. In 1845 

 Tuckermann's first Enumeration of North American Lichens appeared, 

 to be followed in rapid succession by other works of the same kind, while 

 in 1847 Sullivant published his first Contributions to the Bryolog}" and 

 Hepaticology of North America. All of these contributions, while deal- 

 ing with the various subjects from the standpoint of the American 

 botanist, were destined to produce a profound impression on Canadian 

 botany, and it yet remains true that we are even now dependent upon 



