88 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



brakes of erect Calamités^ then described with their roots and leaves com- 

 plete for the first time. I may remark here that while much has been 

 done more recently, by the late Dr. Williamson and others, in developing 

 the internal structure and fructification of Calamités, Nova ScoLia has 

 taken the lead in the discover}^ of their habit of growth, external appear- 

 ance and relations to the accumulation of coal. The species Lepidophloios 

 Acadianus was not described by me till 1865, when the characters of 

 other specimens from the Albion Coal Mines and the South Joggins were 

 given in my paper, " On the Conditions of Accumulation of Coal," in the 

 Journal of the Grcological Society, vol. xxii. It was included in 1868, in 

 the "Summary of the Coal Flora," in the second edition of "Acadian 

 Geology." 



The second species was discovered at a later date, and, for a reason 

 to be explained in the sequel, was also first described as a Lepidodendron, 

 under the name L. Cliftonense} 



In the following pages I shall discuss, with the aid of specimens in 

 my collections representing more especially these two species, the follow- 

 ing topics : — 



I. The characters of the genus Lepidophloios. 



II. The specific characters of i. Acadianus and L. Cliftonensis. 



III. The relations of these species to others representing them else- 

 where, and to the forms known as Bothrodendron, Hnlonia, Lepidop)hloios, 

 etc. 



IV. The relations of Lepidophloios to other genera of Carboniferous 



trees. 



V. Its connection with the accumulation of coal. 



I. The Genus Lepidophloios. 



This genus was established by Sternberg in his great "Flora dor 

 Vorwelt," (1820) and its structure was illustrated by Corda (though 

 under a new name, Lomatophloios, in 1845. Since that time it has attracted 

 the attention of many palœobotanists, but owing to the fragmentary 

 nature of their material much confusion and controversy have arisen, 

 which culminated in the summary of the characters of the family Lepido- 

 dendreœ, attempted by Count Solms-Laubach in his "Introduction to 

 Fossil Botany," (1891) and may be appreciated by a glance at the biblio- 

 graphy of the genus prepared by my friend, Mr. R. Kidston, to illustrate 

 his paper on the Scottish species in the Transactions of the Royal Society 

 of Edinburgh (1893). The last-mentioned paper is of great value in 

 elucidating the difliculties attending the study of Lepidophloios in Europe, 

 and especially in Great Britain, where good specimens seem to be vurv 

 rare. 



i Bulletin Geological Society of America, 1891. 



