136 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



Trees. — Around the bog is a dense spruce and larch forest with trees of 

 ordinary size, which on its margin become smaller and smaller the farther 

 removed they are from the shore until on the raised ])art they become 

 reduced to a foot or less in height. 



1. LarLr Americana, Mx. Up to a foot high; dense in growth: parts small; 



one S in. tall above moss and ? in. diameter had eighteen annual rings ; 

 bark thick; Mycorrhiza on roots. 



2. Picea nigra. Link. Size and dwarfing as in preceding, but not so far out on 



the bog. Roots very long ; in an 8- in, -high stem one was over 8 feet. A 

 stem 7 in. above moss, % in. diameter, had twenty-eight rings, and one 

 } in. diameter had fifteen rings. 



Shrubs. — As with the trees, these around the bog are of ordinary 

 ■size, become dwarfed on its margin and slo])es, and on its raised part 

 rarely exceed six and never eight inches in height. Nearly all have long 

 under-moss parts. 



3. Ledum latifolium, L. Common. Rarely over 6 in. tall. Running stems 



over 4 feet. 



4. Cassandra calyculata, Don. 



5. Kalmia glauca. Ait. Six inches high, with small cluster of small leaves and 



do. of flowers. 



6. Kalmia any usfi folia, L. 



7. Empetrnm nigrum, L. Most common and characteristic plant of the high 



and dry parts. 



8. Rtibus Chamœmorus, L. Most common and characteristic everywhere on 



the bog. The under-moss stems run for immense distances. I traced 

 one over 17 feet. 



9. Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm. Not abundant. 



10. Vaccinium Pennsi/lvanicum, Lam. 



11. Vacciniu7n cœspitosum, Mx. 



12. Pyrus arbutifolia, L. f. Six or eight inches high. 



On the extreme margins of the bofj and on the highland near it 

 occur the following, which I did not find on the high part of the bog 

 itself. Rhododeyidron Rhodora. Don. Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and 

 Gray. 



On the Spruce Lake bog occur in addition — 



13. Gaylussacia dumosa, Torr. and Gray. 



14. Nrmopanthesfascicularis, Raf. Dwarfed to a few inches in height. Also on 



the Seely's Cove bog and that at New River abundantly, but not observed 

 at Lepreau. 



15. Pyrus arbutifolia var., melanocarpa, Hook. 



Herbs. — These are not numerous, and, like the trees and shrubs, are 

 <iwarfed very greatly and blossom later than the same species off the bog. 



16. Scirpus ccespifosus, L . 



17. Eriojihorum vaginatum, L. The two most characteristic and abundant 



Phanerogams of the high part of the bog, and so abundant as to make 

 parts of it appear from a distance like a sparse meadow. The Lepreau 

 bog is for this reason often called " Hanson's meadow." They are about 

 equally abundant ; the former, perhaps, more frequent on the hum- 

 mocks, latter in hollows. Those interested in the economics of the 

 raised bogs use the " meadow " appearance as a guide to the purest «and 

 beat spots. Their culms, called by the workmen " wild oats" and "cedar 

 bark," are found at all depths in the bog. 



