[brycb] ethnological TYPES IN RUPERT'S LAND 139 



that shades of difference in pronunciation can be detected among the 

 Swampy Crées, every hundred miles from Lake Winnipeg to the shores 

 of Hudson Bay. The use of different consonantal equivalents is very 

 marked, although care must be taken to examine the nationality, 

 whether French or English, of the lexicographer who has reduced the 

 Indian language to the written form. For example. Lake Winnipeg was 

 first written by the French Ouinipique; and by the English on Hudson 

 Bay Winipic. Christeneaux was the earlier spelling of the name for 

 the Crées by the French, Cristinos by the English. The following 

 table will be sufficient to show the modifiication of the consonantal 

 sounds of the same word by different branches of Crées. It is the 

 three persons of the personal pronouns, as given by Father Lacombe: 



I Thou Bt 



Saulteaux (Ojibway) nin kin win 



Muskeg-ons (Swampy Crées) nina kina wina 



Wood Crées nila kila wila 



Plain Crées niya kiya wiya 



Athabasca Crées (Far North) nira kira wira 



It will thus be seen that marked peculiarities are found in the 

 Algic races and languages, and that certain physical differences may be 

 made out among the different types. No mention has been made of 

 the Blackfeet and allied nations living near the foothills of the Eocky 

 Mountains. Tliey seem ethnologically and to some extent linguistic- 

 ally related to the Crées, but the relationship is too vague to be con- 

 sidered at present. 



THE SIOUX INTRUDERS. 



The various Algonquin tribes have for centuries been at war with 

 the tall, handsome and athletic Indians living on their southern borders, 

 viz., the Iroquois on the Ohio river, and the Sioux or Dakotas on the 

 Mississippi, The most feasible theory as to these neighbours of the 

 Algonquins is that they came northward in a whirlwind of fury up the 

 Mississippi from Mexico, and are probably of Aztec relationsihip. Cer- 

 tainly the physical appearance and mental characteristics of the Iroquois 

 and Sioux suggest that they are the same people. Their languages, 

 it is stated, are cognate, and their organiziation in political confederacies 

 is similar. 



The first meeting of tbe Sioux with the French is chronicled by 

 the early French explorers early in the seventeenth century. At that 

 time the 'Country of the Sioux extended to the west side of Lake 

 Michigan, and this aggressive race virtually controlled Michilimakinac, 

 so long a meeting place of the Indian nations. But the Ojibway 



