Section III., 1903 [ 69 ] Trans. R. S. C. 



IX. — Seismology in Canada. 

 By R. F. Stupaet. 



(Read May 19th, 1903.) 



Within the last decade systematic seismological surveys have been 

 begun with central observing stations in several European countries. 



In 1897, at the request of the Seismological Investigation Com- 

 mittee of the B.A.A.S., the Meteorological Service undertook the care 

 of two instruments for recording unfelt quakes, one of which waâ 

 installed at Toronto and paid for by the Dominion Government, and 

 the other in Victoria and was supplied by the B.A.A.S. The instru- 

 ment used is similar to that supplied to some 38 stations in various 

 parts of the world, but more especially in 'the colonies of Great 

 Britain. These instruments are distributed as follows: — 



(1) Africa Cape Town. <20) Japan Tokio. 



(2) Africa Cairo. (21) Mauritius Royal Alfred Obser- 



vatory. 



(3) Australia Melbourne. (22) Mexico Mexico. 



(4) " Sydney. (23) New Zealand . . . Wellington. 



(5) " ...*. Perth. (24) " " ...Christ-Church. 



(6) Azores (2 instruments). (25) Portugal Coimbra. 



(7) Canada Toronto. (26) Russia Irkutsk. 



(8) Canada Victoria, B.C. (27) " Tiflis. 



(9) Ceylon Colombo. (28) '• Taschkent. 



(10) Eagland Shide, Isle of Wight (29) Scotland Edinburgh, 



(11) " Kew. (30) " Paisley. 



(12) " Bidston. (31) S. America Cordova (Argentina) 



(13) Germany Strassburg. (32) " . ...Arequipa. 



(14) Hawaii Honolulu. (33) Spain San Fernando. 



(15) India Calcutta, (34) Syria Beyrut. 



(16) " Madras, Kodaikanal (35) Trinidad 



(17) " " Vizagapatam (36) U. S. of AmericaPhiladelphia, 



(18) " Bombay. (37) " Baltimore. 



(19) Java Batavia. (38) Antarctic re- 



gions .. . .ss. Discovery I 



It seems to me that in seismology the realms of investigation by 

 geologist and physicist are very close together. 



Earthquakes are probably in most instances caused by the sudden 

 fracturing of the rocky crust of the earth under the influences of bend- 

 ing, and it has been found by investigation, that most of the larger 

 quakes with their accompanying land slips have a sub-oceanic origin 

 in regions where there is a pronounced slope in the ocean bottom. 

 For example, on the borders of the Tuscarora deep off the east 

 coast of Japan, Evidence seems to indicate that volcanic action 



