[ells] notes on rock-contacts IN KINGSTON DISTRICT lOl 



town formation, and this in turn is overlaid by the Chazy in regular 

 order as in the Ottawa basin ; but on the south side of the great Arcligean 

 mass in that state, while the sandstone is well exposed in a number of 

 places, and has there been fully described under the name of the Potsdam 

 formation, and the Calcifcrous is also occasionally seen, the Chazy 

 formation appears to be absent as in the area about Kingston, and the 

 Black Eiver frequently appears to be the lowest member of the series 

 developed. While the intimate association of the Chazy and Black 

 Eiver to the Potsdam formation as found in ISTew York may be to some 

 extent explained by the agency of faults by which the intervening Calci- 

 ferous has been cut out this is not always the case, and in the Kingston 

 district in Ontario the superposition of the Black Eiver formation upon 

 the sandstone or on the crystalline rocks cannot thus be accounted for. 



On Howe Island in the St. Lawrence, about three miles above the 

 town of Gananoque, several of these relations are well seen. On the 

 east end of the island the underlying rock is a reddish granite, in places 

 with gneissic structure, and on this are a few feet of sandstone with in- 

 terstratified beds containing scattered pebbles of quartzite from the ad- 

 jacent rocks of the Grenville series. Similar features are seen in the 

 unmistakable Potsdam rocks of Charleston lake and at other places 

 where these beds are overlaid by Calciferous dolomites, so that there is 

 but little reason to suppose that the sandy beds along this part of the 

 St. Lawrence are assignable to any higher horizon. Going west along 

 the island the sandstones are overlaid by blackish-grey or dark cherty 

 and sometimes nodular limestones which extend along the shore for a 

 distance of a mile into Push Bay. Here there occurs a heavy series of 

 shales, grey, green, red and black, which in some respects resemble por- 

 tions of the lower Chazy of the Ottawa basin. They pass upward 

 directly into dolomitic limestones with interstratified shale bands, simi- 

 lar in character to the limestones of Kingston and Barriefield. The 

 only fossils seen in these shales are a species of Leperditia, but the lime- 

 stones are apparently of Black Eiver age, representing the lowest por- 

 tion of that formation. It is possible, however, that some of the lowest 

 beds may be referable to the Chazy formation, but even in this case the 

 whole of the Calciferous is lacking. 



One of the most readily accessible localities where some of these 

 interesting contacts may be observed is at Barriefield hill opposite 

 Kingston. All around the shores of the lower part of Lake Ontario 

 the rocks consist of hard, dark, often dolomitic limestones, as well as 

 on the shore east of Kingston harbour, but in Deadman's Cove, which is 

 on the east side of Barriefield ridge, the red granite outcrops in large 

 masses. The surface of the granite has been eroded and the irregulari- 



