[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 377 



First we consider the forms of the termination — ^ACADIE, 

 which is not the aboriginal but the famiharized, French and EngUsh, 

 spelHng. Our best authority, Dr. S. T. Rand, in his works on 

 the Micmac language, uses most frequently, as witness the many 

 examples in the following pages, the form -AKÀDE, sometimes 

 -AAKÀDE or WAKADE; and this is the form which has been 

 familiarized to-ACADIE, as in Shubenacadie. Less frequently he 

 writes -OOKWÂDIK, -AAKWODE, -OGWÔDE, -OOKWÔDE; and 

 this is the form which has become familiarized to -AQUODDY, as in 

 Passamaquoddy. One's first natural thought must be that the 

 difference between these forms is dialectical, and this view appears in 

 some publications; but it is completely disproved by the fact shown 

 in the following pages, that the two terminations are intermingled 

 throughout the provinces, and not seggregated geographically as the 

 dialectical theory would require. The real explanation of the matter 

 has been given me by Father Pacifique, who himself uses generally 

 -EGATIG, but sometimes -AGOATIG. It is a euphonic matter, 

 depending upon the preceding vowels; if these give an 00 sound, or 

 in other words if the preceding root ends in an 00 sound, then the 

 -A-KADI-becomes -A-KWADI, or rather, since in this case the 00 

 sound extinguishes the following A, it becomes 00-KWADI. As to 

 the form of the root among the Indians of Maine, there seems to be no 

 equivalent for the 00-KWADI form, while as to the ordinary form 

 -KANTI, the possessive A seems always to be subordinated if not 

 wanting, and there is inserted the characteristic nasal N, which, 

 though half silent, is yet usually recognized, making the form KANTI, 

 familiarized to -CONTE or equivalent, as in COBBESEECONTEE. 

 As to a form -UKOTIK, which the late A. S. Gatschet gave to Mr. 

 James Vroom (so Mr. Vroom tells me), as a Penobscot form of AKADI, 

 with the meaning CATCHING PLACE, I have not been able to find 

 any trace thereof in Penobscot Place-names. 



In some cases, recorded in the following pages, the termination 

 has the form AGADIK.-AGADICH, or the like, with an equivalent 

 -KONTIS in the Maine names. But the matter is perfectly 

 clear, for the final -K represents obviously the common locative, 

 giving the word the significance of a place-name. The forms 

 -CH and -S, represent, I believe, not a condensation of the 

 terminations -CHEECH and -SIS, the diminutives meaning 

 LITTLE, as one's first thought naturally has it, and as even Rand 

 has sometimes assumed, but a softened form of the locative K, 

 a matter which has been explained in the preceding paper 

 (page 264), and is mentioned again on later pages of the present one 

 (pages 390, 400) . The locative -K or -CH or -S, of course is understood 



