378 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



in all place-names where not expressed, and hence I introduce it in 

 parentheses in writing the aboriginal forms of the termination where 

 it seems to be wanting, thus producing the spelling-AKÀDI(K), or 

 equivalent. 



The pronunciation of this root by the Indians, (except where 

 influenced, in surviving names, by the whites), has always the accent 

 on the syllable before the last, making it-AKÀ'DIK. Rand thus 

 marks it, for actual place-names, throughout his works, and I have 

 myself always caught it in this form from the Indians. We have 

 preserved this stress correctly in Passamaquoddy, but have thrown 

 the accent back to the preceding syllable in Shubenacadie ; and our 

 familiarity with that word, and its apparent homologue Tracadie, 

 and especially with their supposed homologue Acadie, leads us in- 

 voluntarily to throw the stress too far back in pronouncing the Indian 

 termination. It should be -ACA'DIE, and the reader of the following 

 pages should thus sound it in the aboriginal forms of the names. The 

 Anglicized pronunciation -A'CADIE, however, has become so com- 

 pletely fixed in our minds that it would be quite useless, in adopting 

 any of the Indian words into English as future place-names, to attempt 

 to keep the Indian stress; and it will be practically better to sound all 

 such words in the Anglicized manner. 



In view of the many variant forms of the root, we must needs 

 adopt some standard form thereof. Naturally we take that which 

 comes the nearest our orthography permits to the most typical Indian 

 form of the word, and that, all things considered, seems to me-AKA'DI, 

 which in the locative would be -AKA'DIK, or, in case the locative is 

 only understood, -AKA'DI(K). The corresponding Maine form 

 would be -KANTI and -KANTIK or -KANTI(K). 



The termination -AKA'DI has this constant feature of use, that 

 it is always preceded by the name of some object, usually animal or 

 plant, which is specially prominent at the place to which the name 

 applies. Thus, to take the oftenest quoted example, in SHUBEN- 

 ACADIE, which in full Indian form is SEGUBUN-AKA'DI(K), 

 the SEGUBUN is the Indian name for the Ground Nut, or Indian 

 Potato, an important food plant of the Indians, while in PASSAMA- 

 QUODDY, in Indian PESTUMOO-KWA'DI(K), PESTUM or 

 PESTUMOO is the Indian name for the POLLOCK, an important 

 food fish of the Indians. These two appear to be typical of all. 



Turning, now, to a more exact analysis of the termination 

 -AKA'DIK, we find it to consist of three parts. The termination -K 

 is obviously the locative suffix just described. The -A, written also AA 

 (the same sound lengthened) and WA, is as clearly the familiar Indian 

 possessive, found in a great many words, where it signifies ITS 



