414 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



his survey along the shores of the "Bay of passimaquody" and "passimaquody Bay" 

 {Collections, 181), though here again the context shows that he is using the word in 

 the descriptive and not specific sense. Meantime, however, the inner Bay certainly 

 did possess a local name of its own, for, on a large MS. map of 1764, still unpublished, 

 made by Charles Morris, it is called THE GRAND BAY (compare also a Map in 

 Report on Canadian Archives for 1904, opposite page 300), while the Journal of 

 Captain William Owen, kept during his residence at Campobello in 1770-1, uses 

 GREAT BAY and GRAND BAY for the inner Bay, not using Passamaquoddy at all 

 except for Campobello {Collections cited, I, 1894, 202, 204). This form GRAND 

 BAY persisted into much later records, (compare a document of 1795 in 

 Kilby's work, 116), and I have no doubt it goes back to the time of 

 the Acadians who called it, presumably, LA GRANDE BAIE. The name 

 was known, I think, to Mitchel, and used on his original map even though 

 not on the copy, for Pownall's map of 1776, which in this region depends 

 wholly upon Mitchel, has GT. BAY for the inner Bay, {these Transactions, 

 VII, 1901, ii, 230). Thus it seems clear that up to this time the name Passa- 

 maquoddy was not used specifically for the inner Bay, but only in a general way 

 as part of the use of the name for the entire region — it was "the Great Bay 

 of the Passamaquoddy Region." In 1772, however, was made the detailed 

 and accurate survey of this region by Thomas Wright, resulting in a 

 beautiful great map, still unpublished but incorporated into the widely used 

 charts of DesBarres. On this map the inner Bay is named GRAND BAY 

 OF PASSIMAQUADI {photo from original in British Museum), this name, 

 I take it, being still a descriptive phrase, equivalent to "the grand bay 

 of the Passamaquoddy region". This finds good confirmation in a docu- 

 ment of 1784 given by Kilby {op. cit. 97) which mentions, — "the bays of Schoodick 

 St. Andrews, Cobbscook &c. &c. formerly comprehended under the general name of 

 Passamaquoddy." Then on Sproule's fine map of the Southwestern part of New 

 Brunswick of 1786 {these Transactions, VII, 1901, ii, 412), which follows Wright 

 closely, Wright's form is changed into BAY OF PASSAMAQUODDY; and this 

 form Sproule, on the very important map of 1798 illustrating the decisions of the 

 Boundary commissioners, altered still farther to PASSAMAQUODDY BAY, {op. 

 cit. 254). Thus was completed the transformation of the descriptive phrase into the 

 specific place-name, which has persisted in exactly this form on all maps right down 

 to our own day. On the same map Wright had dropped the name Passamaquoddy 

 from all other features in the vicinity, and in this was followed by Sproule and others. 

 The collective effect was this, — that the name Passamaquoddy became thus gradu- 

 ally transferred on the maps from the outer waters, where, as I shall soon show, 

 it belonged, to the inner where it did not. 



But while the maps were thus transferring the name to their own satisfaction, 

 from the outer to the inner Bay, and by the weight of their authority have been 

 able to carry with them a certain literary use and the adherence of those who are 

 influenced by books and polite usage, the local usage of the residents has ever refused to 

 conform. Thus, even now the fishermen and sailors who navigate those waters never 

 speak of the inner Bay as Passamaquoddy, but call it universally St. Andrews Bay. 

 This usage is at least as old as 1784, as shown by a document in Kilby's Eastport and 

 Passamaquoddy, 97. John Allan, who knew the region well, uses this name, and 

 this only, for the inner Bay on his independent map of 1786 {these Transactions, 

 VII, 1901, ii, 264). Furthermore, in local usage, the name Passamaquoddy has 

 always clung around the outer waters, and still does. Thus, the Allan map above 

 mentioned, calls the waters northeast of Campobello PASSAMAQUODDY EN- 

 TRANCE. A very interesting map of 1796 by David Owen who knew the region 



